The Embryonic Vertebrate Forebrain: the Prosomeric Model

Rubenstein, John L.R.; Martı́nez, Salvador; Shimamura, Kenji; Puelles, Luis

doi:10.1126/science.7939711

Cited by 505 publications

(276 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It appears to have distinct modules of expression that are delimited by longitudinal and transverse boundaries (Fig. 7) consistent with the prosomeric model (Bulfone et al, 1993;Puelles and Rubenstein, 1993;Rubenstein et al, 1994;Shimamura et al, 1995). The fact that ENC-1 is expressed in dividing and postmitotic neural cells (Fig.…”

Section: Enc-1 Is Expressed Throughout Neural Development and In The supporting

confidence: 75%

“…At later stages, ventral domains of ENC-1 expression appeared in the prosencephalon, rhombencephalon (RH), and spinal cord (SC). To describe ENC-1 expression, we used the terminology of the prosomeric model (Bulfone et al, 1993;Puelles and Rubenstein, 1993;Rubenstein et al, 1994).…”

Section: Expression Of Enc-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These expression domains define the following two types of boundaries: (1) transverse boundaries perpendicular to the longitudinal axis that segregate transverse or neuromeric domains and (2) longitudinal boundaries parallel to the longitudinal axis segregating longitudinal domains extending through multiple transverse domains. In embryonic hindbrain and forebrain, the expression pattern of a large number of candidate regulatory genes, including homeobox genes, suggests a neuromeric organization (Bulfone et al, 1993;Puelles and Rubenstein, 1993;Rubenstein et al, 1994. Similarly, genes marking areas of regional specification in the cortex have been identified (Bulfone et al, 1995), although little is known of the mechanism regulating such regionalization.…”

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confidence: 99%

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ENC-1: A Novel MammalianKelch-Related Gene Specifically Expressed in the Nervous System Encodes an Actin-Binding Protein

et al. 1997

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We have identified and characterized a novel murine gene, , that is an early and highly specific marker of neural induction in vertebrates. ENC-1, which encodes a kelch family related protein, is expressed during early gastrulation in the prospective neuroectodermal region of the epiblast and later in development throughout the nervous system (NS). ENC-1 expression is highly dynamic and, after neurulation, preferentially defines prospective cortical areas. The only apparent expression of ENC-1 outside the NS is restricted to the rostral-most somitomere of the presomitic mesoderm, at the times corresponding to the epithelialization that precedes somite formation. Cellular expression of epitopetagged ENC-1 shows extensive co-localization of ENC-1 with the actin cytoskeleton, and immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate a physical association between ENC-1 and actin. ENC-1 functions as an actin-binding protein that may be important in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton during neural fate specification and development of the NS.

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Section: Enc-1 Is Expressed Throughout Neural Development and In The supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Expression Of Enc-1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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ENC-1: A Novel MammalianKelch-Related Gene Specifically Expressed in the Nervous System Encodes an Actin-Binding Protein

et al. 1997

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“…The subpallium, which contains the septal nuclei and several other nuclei in addition to those of the basal ganglia, is notably distinct from the overlying telence- Figure 3 phalic region called the pallium in its connectivity, neurochemistry, and the genes that regulate its development (Fig. 2B,D-F; Rubenstein et al, 1994;Reiner et al, 1998a;Swanson and Petrovich, 1998). Developmental, topological, neurochemical, cellular, connectional, and functional data all strongly support the conclusion that the subpallial region lateral to the telencephalic ventricle in birds and reptiles contains homologues of mammalian basal ganglia, whereas the subpallial region medial to the lateral ventricle in birds and reptiles contains the homologues of the mammalian septal nuclei (Karten and Dubbeldam, 1973;Brauth and Kitt, 1980;Brauth et al, 1983;Reiner et al, 1984aReiner et al, , 1998aSmeets, 1994, Medina and Reiner, 1995Smith-Fernandez et al, 1998;Puelles et al, 2000).…”

Section: Revised Basal Telencephalic Terminology General Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

Reiner

Perkel

Bruce

et al. 2004

J of Comparative Neurology

1,062

1,170

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The standard nomenclature that has been used for many telencephalic and related brainstem structures in birds is based on flawed assumptions of homology to mammals. In particular, the outdated terminology implies that most of the avian telencephalon is a hypertrophied basal ganglia, when it is now clear that most of the avian telencephalon is neurochemically, hodologically, and functionally comparable to the mammalian neocortex, claustrum, and pallial amygdala (all of which derive from the pallial sector of the developing telencephalon). Recognizing that this promotes misunderstanding of the functional organization of avian brains and their evolutionary relationship to mammalian brains, avian brain specialists began discussions to rectify this problem, culminating in the Avian Brain Nomenclature Forum held at Duke University in July 2002, which approved a new terminology for avian telencephalon and some allied brainstem cell groups. Details of this new terminology are presented here, as is a rationale for each name change and evidence for any homologies implied by the new names.Revisions for the brainstem focused on vocal control, catecholaminergic, cholinergic, and basal ganglia-related nuclei. For example, the Forum recognized that the hypoglossal nucleus had been incorrectly identified as the nucleus intermedius in the Karten and Hodos (1967) pigeon brain atlas, and what was identified as the hypoglossal nucleus in that atlas should instead be called the supraspinal nucleus. The locus ceruleus of this and other avian atlases was noted to consist of a caudal noradrenergic part homologous to the mammalian locus coeruleus and a rostral region corresponding to the mammalian A8 dopaminergic cell group. The midbrain dopaminergic cell group in birds known as the nucleus tegmenti pedunculopontinus pars compacta was recognized as homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra pars compacta and was renamed accordingly; a group of ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons at the lateral edge of this region was identified as homologous to the mammalian substantia nigra pars reticulata and was also renamed accordingly. A field of cholinergic neurons in the rostral avian hindbrain was named the nucleus pedunculopontinus tegmenti, whereas the anterior nucleus of the ansa lenticularis in the avian diencephalon was renamed the subthalamic nucleus, both for their evident mammalian homologues.For the basal (i.e., subpallial) telencephalon, the actual parts of the basal ganglia were given names reflecting their now evident homologues. For example, the lobus parolfactorius and paleostriatum augmentatum were acknowledged to make up the dorsal subdivision of the striatal part of the basal ganglia and were renamed as the medial and lateral striatum. The paleostriatum primitivum was recognized as homologous to the mammalian globus pallidus and renamed as such. Additionally, the rostroventral part of what was called the lobus parolfactorius was acknowledged as comparable to the mammalian nucleus accumbens, which, together with the...

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“…According to the prosomeric model, the developing forebrain of vertebrates can be divided into a series of rostrocaudal subdivisions based on anatomical features and patterns of regulatory gene expression (Rubenstein et al, 1994;Puelles and Rubenstein, 2003). The roof plate of the most caudal prosomere (prosomere 1) consists of the posterior commissure (PC), a prominent aggregation of fibers originating in the pretectal nuclei and the underlying secretory ependyma that forms a true brain gland, called by its location the subcommissural organ (SCO; Mastick and Easter, 1996;Ferrá n et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarized expression of integrin β1 in diencephalic roof plate during chick development, a possible receptor for SCO‐spondin

Caprile

Osorio

Henríquez

et al. 2009

Developmental Dynamics

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The roof plate of the caudal diencephalon is formed by the posterior commissure (PC) and the underlying secretory ependyma, the subcommissural organ (SCO). The SCO is composed by radial glial cells bearing processes that cross the PC and attach to the meningeal basement membrane. Since early development, the SCO synthesizes SCO-spondin, a glycoprotein that shares similarities to axonal guidance proteins. In vitro, SCO-spondin promotes neuritic outgrowth through a mechanism mediated by integrin ␤1. However, the secretion of SCO-spondin toward the extracellular matrix that surrounds the PC axons and the expression of integrins throughout PC development have not been addressed. Here we provide immunohistochemical evidence to suggest that during chick development SCO cells secrete SCO-spondin through their basal domain, where it is deposited into the extracellular matrix in close contact with axons of the PC that express integrin ␤1. Our results suggest that SCO-spondin has a role in the development of the PC through its interaction with integrin ␤1.

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The Embryonic Vertebrate Forebrain: the Prosomeric Model

Cited by 505 publications

References 39 publications

ENC-1: A Novel MammalianKelch-Related Gene Specifically Expressed in the Nervous System Encodes an Actin-Binding Protein

ENC-1: A Novel MammalianKelch-Related Gene Specifically Expressed in the Nervous System Encodes an Actin-Binding Protein

Revised nomenclature for avian telencephalon and some related brainstem nuclei

Polarized expression of integrin β1 in diencephalic roof plate during chick development, a possible receptor for SCO‐spondin

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