2004
DOI: 10.1007/s00427-004-0406-4
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The embryonic development of the flatworm Macrostomum sp.

Abstract: Macrostomid flatworms represent a group of basal bilaterians with primitive developmental and morphological characteristics. The species Macrostomum sp., raised under laboratory conditions, has a short generation time of about 2-3 weeks and produces a large number of eggs year round. Using live observation, histology, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry we have carried out a developmental analysis of Macrostomum sp. Cleavage (stages 1-2) of this species follows a modified spiral pattern and results in… Show more

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Cited by 53 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…The early cleavage pattern is of quartet spiral nature in macrostomids, as was shown in early accounts on M. appendiculatum and Macrostomum viride [39,40]. In M. appendiculatum , the existence of so-called hull cells has been described for the first time in the genus Macrostomum [41], and has later been confirmed to occur also in M. romanicum [42] and M. lignano [38,43]. Interestingly, in M. viride the embryo seemingly retains the spiral nature of cleavage up to the 128-cell stage and even the mesentoblast 4d is described, while no hull cells are mentioned [35].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 78%
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“…The early cleavage pattern is of quartet spiral nature in macrostomids, as was shown in early accounts on M. appendiculatum and Macrostomum viride [39,40]. In M. appendiculatum , the existence of so-called hull cells has been described for the first time in the genus Macrostomum [41], and has later been confirmed to occur also in M. romanicum [42] and M. lignano [38,43]. Interestingly, in M. viride the embryo seemingly retains the spiral nature of cleavage up to the 128-cell stage and even the mesentoblast 4d is described, while no hull cells are mentioned [35].…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 78%
“…(A-I), schematic representations of the early macrostomid (modified from [43]) and polyclad development (adapted from [45,46]). In macrostomids, early cleavage follows the typical quartet spiral cleavage pattern (A) up to the 8-cell stage, after which the four vegetal macromeres 2A-2D flatten (B) and form a yolk mantle that covers the embryo (C-D) that will be eventually replaced by the definitive epidermis.…”
Section: Reviewmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…However, the sixth cleavage cycle gives rise to significantly larger micromeres than macromeres at the 4 th quartet stage. This may be a derived feature of polyclads, although verification in other archoophoran Rhabditophora such as macrostomids has not been possible as cleavage patterns beyond the third division are obscured by yolk [28]. However, an observation of a similar pattern has been recorded in the neoophoran Lecithoepitheliates [29].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 92%
“…2C top, middle). We know little about the first appearance of neural cells; markers used so far indicate that a contiguous cluster within the mesenchymal mass gives rise to the brain (Younossi-Hartenstein et al, 2000; 2001; Younossi-Hartenstein and Hartenstein, 2000; Ramachandra et al, 2002; Morris et al, 2004). It is clear that from later embryonic stages onward, pluripotent stem cells (neoblasts), which, similar to hydrozoan interstitial cells, derive from the mesenchymal mass and then populate the interstitial spaces of the worm, produce most neurons of the central nervous system and nerve plexus.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%