The Embryo Surrounding Region

Cossegal, Magalie; Vernoud, Vanessa; Depège, Nathalie; Rogowsky, Peter

doi:10.1007/7089_2007_109

Cited by 30 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Among the cereals, the ESR has been best characterized in maize (Cossegal et al, 2007). It comprises several cell layers that completely envelop the young embryo (i.e.…”

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ESR cells differentiate upon completion of the endosperm cellularization phase (Kiesselbach, 1949;Kiesselbach and Walker, 1952) and are cytoplasmically dense, rich in small vacuoles, and with a complex membrane system. Based on several cytological characteristics, ESR cells are believed to be metabolically highly active and involved in supplying the embryo with sugars, primarily through an apoplastic route (Cossegal et al, 2007). Indeed, an invertase inhibitor is expressed specifically in the maize ESR, which may prevent deleterious Suc cleavage in the apoplast (Bate et al, 2004).…”

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Support for a role of ESR in mediating signaling between embryo and endosperm comes from the ZmEsr1-3 gene family, which potentially encodes receptor ligands similar to Arabidopsis CLV3 (Cock and McCormick, 2001;Bonello et al, 2002). The ESR may also play an important role in establishing the so-called embryonic cavern in maize (Cossegal et al, 2007). Cytological analyses revealed that cells with characteristics similar to maize ESR are also present in wheat and barley, although functional data on these are lacking.…”

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytological analyses revealed that cells with characteristics similar to maize ESR are also present in wheat and barley, although functional data on these are lacking. The rice genome lacks homologs of maize ESR-specific genes (Cossegal et al, 2007).…”

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of Endosperm in Grasses

2009

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“…Among the cereals, the ESR has been best characterized in maize (Cossegal et al, 2007). It comprises several cell layers that completely envelop the young embryo (i.e.…”

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Esrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Development of Endosperm in Grasses

2009

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“…The above area, referred to as the embryo−surrounding region (ESR), is character− ized by very high levels of metabolic activity, and it plays a crucial role in embry− onic development (Cossegal et al 2007). The analyzed grasses had very small em− bryos which occupied a small part of the seed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generative reproduction of Antarctic grasses, the native species Deschampsia antarctica Desv. and the alien species Poa annua L.

Giełwanowska¹,

Kellmann−Sopyła²

2015

Polish Polar Research

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Abstract:The embryology of two species, Deschampsia antarctica, a native species, and Poa annua, an alien species in the Antarctic we studied. Flowering buds of plants growing in their natural habitats on King George Island and generative tissues of both plant species grown in a greenhouse were analyzed. Adaptations to autogamy and anemogamy were ob− served in the flower anatomy of both species. The microsporangia of the evaluated grasses produce a small number of three−celled pollen grains. Numerous pollen grains do not leave the microsporangium and germinate in the thecae. Deschampsia antarctica and P. annua plants harvested in Antarctica developed a particularly small number of microspores in pol− len chambers. In D. antarctica, male gametophytes were produced at a faster rate: genera− tive cells in pollen did not become detached from the wall of the pollen grain, they were not embedded in the cytoplasm of vegetative cells, and they divided into two sperm cells situ− ated close to the wall. The monosporous Polygonum type of embryo sac development was observed in the studied species. The egg apparatus had typical polarization, and the filiform apparatus did not develop in synergids. Large antipodals with polyploidal nuclei were formed in the embryo sacs of D. antarctica and P. annua. Poa annua was characterized by numerous antipodal cells which formed antipodal tissue in the chalazal region of the em− bryo sac. Three distinct antipodals with atypical, lateral position in the vicinity of the egg apparatus were observed in D. antarctica. The diaspores of the investigated grass species were characterized by small size, low weight and species−specific primary and secondary sculpture of the testa and caryopsis coat.

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