The Embrace Magnetometer Network for South America: Network Description and Its Qualification

Denardini, Clezio Marcos; Chen, Sony Su; Resende, L. C. A.; Moro, Juliano; Bilibio, Anderson Vestena; Fagundes, P. R.; Gende, Mauricio; Cabrera, Miguel A.; Bolzan, Maurı́cio José Alves; Padilha, Antônio L.; Schuch, Nelson Jorge; Hormaechea, José Luis; Alves, L. R.; Neto, Paulo França Barbosa; Nogueira, P. A. B.; Picanço, Giórgio Arlan da Silva; Bertollotto, T. O.

doi:10.1002/2017rs006477

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Finally, a recent analysis by Espinosa et al (2019) focused on the effects of both ionospheric and ground electrical conductivity on GICs at the geomagnetic equator in Brazil. To circumvent the relative lack of MT data in Brazil, four magnetometers from the Embrace MagNet network (Denardini et al 2018) were chosen at such locations that the underground geological structure was amenable to 1D interpretation. Four corresponding 1D electrical conductivity models were set up at these locations.…”

Section: Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Global/Regional Earth Conductivity Models in Natural Geomagnetic Hazard Mitigation

Kelbert

2019

Surv Geophys

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Geomagnetic disturbances cause perturbations in the Earth's magnetic field which, by the principle of electromagnetic induction, in turn cause electric currents to flow in the Earth. These geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) also enter man-made technological conductors that are grounded; notably, telegraph systems, submarine cables and pipelines, and, perhaps most significantly, electric power grids, where transformer groundings at power grid substations serve as entry points for GICs. The strength of the GICs that flow through a transformer depends on multiple factors, including the spatiotemporal signature of the geomagnetic disturbance, the geometry and specifications of the power grid, and the electrical conductivity structure of the Earth's subsurface. Strong GICs are hazardous to power grids and other infrastructure; for example, they can severely damage transformers and thereby cause extensive blackouts. Extreme space weather is therefore hazardous to man-made technologies. The phenomena of extreme geomagnetic disturbances, including storms and substorms, and their effects on human activity are commonly referred to as geomagnetic hazards. Here, we provide a review of relevant GIC studies from around the world and describe their common and unique features, while focusing especially on the effects that the Earth's electrical conductivity has on the GICs flowing in the electric power grids.

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Section: Brazilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Global/Regional Earth Conductivity Models in Natural Geomagnetic Hazard Mitigation

Kelbert

2019

Surv Geophys

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“…This network fills the gap with magnetic measurements available online in this sector and aims to provide magnetic data to be used to study changes in space weather. All the details on the magnetic network, type of magnetometers, data resolution, data quality control, and data availability are provided by (Denardini et al, 2018).…”

Section: Such Magnetic Station Is Part Of the Embrace Magnet And It Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Possible Corrosion Enhacement Due to Telluric Currents: Case Study for Brazilian Pipeline

Moraes

Paulino

Alves

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Electric field induced in the Brazil–Bolivia pipeline was calculated using a distributed source line transmission (DSLT) theory during several space weather events. It was made with using geomagnetic data collected by a fluxgate magnetometer located at São José dos Campos (23.2º S; 45.9º W). The total corrosion rate was calculated with using the Gummow (2002) methodology and based in the assumption of 1-cm hole in pipeline coating. The calculations were performed for the ends of pipeline, where the largest out of phase pipe-to-soil potential (PSP) variations were obtained. The variations in PSP during the 17 March 2015 magnetic storm have led to the greatest corrosion rate of the analysed events. All the space weather events evaluated with high terminating impedance in this paper have contributed to increase the corrosion process. The applied technique can be used to evaluate the metal loss due to the high telluric activity associated with the geomagnetic storms at specific locations.

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“…In the previous part of the two-part paper on the Embrace Magnetometer Network (Denardini et al, 2018), we have showed the process applied to the whole set of Embrace MagNet network sensors in order to assure that they all have the same sensitivity to the same magnetic variation. In addition, we demonstrated that the Embrace MagNet provides data equivalent to absolute measurements, achieved after applying the proper gain matching using VSS observatory data.…”

Section: Scientific Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The details on the instrumentation used in the Embrace MagNet, on the sensitivity matching process of the Embrace MagNet sensors, on the gain matching process for the Embrace MagNet in comparison to the Intermagnet data, and on the Embrace MagNet data quality check were provided the accompanying paper (Denardini et al, ) as well as in a recently publication about the research networks ready for space weather that encompasses the Embrace Magnet (Denardini et al, ). In the present paper, we provide the first results we have already achieved with this network.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Embrace Magnetometer Network for South America: First Scientific Results

et al. 2018

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The present work is the second of a two‐part paper on the Embrace Magnetometer Network. In this part, we provide some of the first scientific findings that we have already achieved with this network. We identified the diurnal and the seasonal natural variations of the H component. We provided the precise determination of sudden storm commencements and sudden impulse. We showed that the ΔH amplitudes derived from the Embrace MagNet during intense magnetic storm are in very good agreement with the Dst index. We showed that it is possible to investigate the effects on the solar quiet ionospheric current systems as a response to the X‐class solar flares occurring during daytime under magnetically quiet conditions.

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The Embrace Magnetometer Network for South America: Network Description and Its Qualification

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

The Role of Global/Regional Earth Conductivity Models in Natural Geomagnetic Hazard Mitigation

The Role of Global/Regional Earth Conductivity Models in Natural Geomagnetic Hazard Mitigation

Evaluation of Possible Corrosion Enhacement Due to Telluric Currents: Case Study for Brazilian Pipeline

The Embrace Magnetometer Network for South America: First Scientific Results

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