The Elimination of Transfer Distances Is an Important Part of Hospital Design

Karvonen, Sauli; Nordback, Isto; Elo, Jussi P.; Havulinna, Jouni; Laine, Heikki-Jussi

doi:10.1177/1937586716680062

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…An analysis of the theoretical background adopted by the papers was also conducted. Besides referring to EBD, papers addressed patient-and-family-centered care (16) (Choi & Bosch, 2013; France et al, 2009), the complexity of health services (11) (Rapport et al, 2020; Ransolin et al, 2020), safety science (seven) (Pati et al, 2016; Sundberg et al, 2020a), human factors and ergonomics (six) (Battisto et al, 2009; Platt et al, 2017), and lean healthcare (three) (Copeland & Chambers, 2017; Karvonen et al, 2017). Postoccupancy evaluation was a methodological approach (10 papers) common to several of those theoretical backgrounds.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Built Environment Influence on Resilient Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Knowledge

Ransolin

Saurin

Zani

et al. 2022

HERD

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Objective: The aim of this study was to develop built environment (BE) design knowledge to support resilient healthcare by systematically reviewing the evidence-based design (EBD) literature. Background: Although the EBD literature is vast, it has not made explicit its contribution to resilient healthcare, which is a key component of the highly complex health service. Method: This review followed the steps recommended by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses method. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 43 journal papers were selected. The papers were analyzed in light of five guidelines for coping with complexity, allowing for the development of BE design knowledge that supports resilient healthcare. Results: The design knowledge compiled by the review was structured according to four levels of abstraction: five design-meta principles, corresponding to the five complexity guidelines, seven design principles, 21 design prescriptions, and 58 practical examples. The design knowledge emphasizes the interactions between the BE as physical infrastructure and the functions that it supports. Conclusions: The design knowledge is expected to be useful not only to architects but also to those involved in the functional design of health services as they interact with the BE. Furthermore, our proposal provides a knowledge template that can be continuously updated based on the experience of practitioners and academic research.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Built Environment Influence on Resilient Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Knowledge

Ransolin

Saurin

Zani

et al. 2022

HERD

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“…In fact, there are no other published studies in the field of hospital layout design where the patient transfer distances in an old hospital are scientifically compared to those in a new one once the new hospital is in use. Previous reports have documented the calculated transfer distances of orthopedic patients based on architectural designs during the preconstruction design process for a new hospital (Karvonen et al, 2017) and so productivity effect of the new layout solution could certainly not be assessed. The comparison of the transfer distances of patients going through the same patient care pathway before and after the construction project is one necessary indicator for measuring the success of hospital construction and layout design.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Karvonen et al (2017) presented a particular movement-based patient-flow analysis (the patient-flow analysis), which is a patient-oriented design method for depicting the movements of patients within a hospital. Its theoretical base is production flow analysis and especially factory flow analysis, which is one of the five subtechniques of production flow analysis (Burbidge, 1989).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heart patients are transferred between locations with different functions, such as catheterization laboratories, inpatient wards, the coronary care unit, the cardiac surgical intensive care unit, the intensive monitoring unit, the operating theatre unit, and the x-ray and other medical imaging facilities, for various reasons during their stay at the hospital. Karvonen et al (2017) presented a particular movement-based patient-flow analysis (the patient-flow analysis), which is a patientoriented design method for depicting the movements of patients within a hospital. Its theoretical base is production flow analysis and especially factory flow analysis, which is one of the five subtechniques of production flow analysis (Burbidge, 1989).…”

Section: Shorter Distances Between Departmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patient-Flow Analysis for Planning a Focused Hospital Layout: Tampere Heart Hospital Case

Karvonen¹,

Eskola

Haukilahti

et al. 2022

HERD

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Objective: The objective of this study is present how a patient movement-based patient-flow analysis is performed for planning the new Heart Hospital of Tampere University Hospital and how patient transfer distances can be shortened by this method. Background: The Heart Hospital had served patients as a service line organization for years. However, the Heart Hospital layout rather looked like functional layout instead of service line layout because the units of the Heart Hospital have been spread out around the large university hospital campus. Method: The flow routes of patients treated over the course of 1 year were analyzed by information technology systems in the hospital planning phase. Then, the proximity ranking of the main functions of the Heart Hospital was made. Layout planning was performed based on the proximity ranking. Nine months after the opening of the new Heart Hospital, the distances between the various hospital functions were calculated for the old Heart Hospital and the new one. Results: In the old Heart Hospital, patients’ transfer distance was 5,654 km (3,513 miles), while the corresponding figure for the new Heart Hospital was 3,797 km (2,359 miles), which means the distance was reduced by 33%. Conclusion: The patient-flow analysis works as it generated substantially shorter patient transfer distances in the new Heart Hospital. Shorter distances have supported more fluent patient flows that, in turn, has contributed higher productivity and quality of care.

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“…(2) Flow organization While waiting for medical attention in a pediatric department, patients may need to use the restrooms, drinking water facilities, spaces for children and other supporting functional facilities. The ideal hospital layout minimizes patients' transfer distance [10]. Space syntax is one of the most widely used design toolkits in this context; it aims to simplify users' wayfinding in healthcare centers [11].…”

Section: Background and Research Goals 1evidence-based Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence-Based Design for Waiting Space Environment of Pediatric Clinics—Three Hospitals in Shenzhen as Case Studies

Yan

Lau

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This study explores the waiting space environment of pediatric clinics in general hospitals and the relationships between the use of space, behavioral activities and overall satisfaction. Patients often spend a lot of time waiting for doctors, and child patients waiting to be seen are particularly likely to feel bored, depressed and anxious, which negatively affects their overall experience of seeking medical attention. Since the launch of China’s second-child policy, the number of children born in China has surged. As medical resources for children are in short supply and of uneven quality, it is urgently necessary to carry out research on optimizing the design of children’s waiting space in Chinese hospitals to improve their medical environment and experience. Method: This study identified four first-level indicators and twenty-seven second-level indicators in four dimensions: functional layout (layout and area), flow organization, supporting facilities and environmental details (physical and landscape environment). The research combined subjective and objective methods, including comprehensive observation, a questionnaire survey and interviews, taking three hospitals in Shenzhen as case studies. Results: The study found that the waiting space in pediatric clinics currently fails to meet key patient needs in areas such as mother and infant rooms, children’s play areas and drinking water facilities, and there are widespread problems with the creation of natural environments, such as views of natural scenery from windows and indoor green plants. Six factors were found to significantly positively influence overall satisfaction with waiting space, describing 69.76% of the changes in the respondents’ degree of satisfaction with the waiting environment. Supporting facilities and aspects of the physical environment had the greatest influence on overall satisfaction with the waiting space. Conclusion: Optimizing the design of the waiting space in pediatric clinics, with a focus on functional layout, flow organization, supporting facilities and environmental details, can improve overall satisfaction with pediatric waiting rooms. The results are preliminary; they need to be further tested in practice to complete the process of evidence-based design. This will lead to suggestions for refining the design of pediatric waiting units which can be used by architects and hospital administrators.

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The Elimination of Transfer Distances Is an Important Part of Hospital Design

Cited by 9 publications

References 14 publications

The Built Environment Influence on Resilient Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Knowledge

The Built Environment Influence on Resilient Healthcare: A Systematic Literature Review of Design Knowledge

Patient-Flow Analysis for Planning a Focused Hospital Layout: Tampere Heart Hospital Case

Evidence-Based Design for Waiting Space Environment of Pediatric Clinics—Three Hospitals in Shenzhen as Case Studies

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