The elevated level of CXCR4 is correlated with nodal metastasis of human breast cancer

Manipulating the chemokine‐chemokine receptor network to treat cancer

“…5 Although reports claim that several chemokine receptors are involved in the establishment of metastasis from different tumors, the tissue analysis and animal model data reported thus far for the majority In the preclinical setting, CXCR4 activation by CXCL12 induces migration and/or survival of brain, 9 colorectal, 10 prostate, 11 renal, 12 and ovarian tumor cells, 13 along with melanoma 14 and neuroblastoma. 15 Elevated CXCR4 expression in primitive tumors is associated with LN metastasis in breast, [16][17][18][19][20] head and neck, 21 colon, 22 and esophageal carcinoma. 23 Moreover, CXCR4 expression is associated with intraperitoneal and intrapleural spread of ovarian cancer 7 and nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), [24][25][26] respectively.…”

“…33 Cytoplasmic CXCR4 expression is associated with LN-positive tumors, estrogen receptor-negative and HER-2-positive disease, and decreased overall survival rates. 18 Conversely, nuclear CXCR4 expression is significantly associated with LN negativity and decreased nuclear grades. 16 A recently reported correlation between nuclear and cytoplasmic staining for CXCR4 and histological breast cancer type appears to be particularly relevant.…”

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Down-Modulate CXCR4 Expression and Function in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells

“…Chemokine receptors are named for the conserved sequence found in the corresponding ligands. Chemokines and chemokine receptors have been implicated heavily in different cancers, including breast cancer (4,5). Overexpression of chemokine receptors or ligands can lead to enhanced survival, migration, and unchecked growth of the tumor cells (6).…”

Overexpression of CXCR4 predicts adverse overall and event‐free survival in patients with unmutated FLT3 acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype

“…[2][3][4][5][6] Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although initially often responsive to current therapy, generally have a poor prognosis. As a result, new molecular targets for therapy and biological markers of prognosis are needed.…”