MnVO functionalities
are important in synthetic
and bioinorganic chemistry, being relevant to both C–H activation
and the O–O bond formation steps in enzymatic water oxidation,
for example. The triplet and quintet spin states are believed to be
active in these reactions, but they have only been sparingly characterized
experimentally. Density functional theory (DFT) gives varying results,
depending on the exchange-correlation functional employed, leading
to ambiguity about whether the triplet MnVO is
better represented as MnIV–O•.
While recent CASPT2 studies confirmed that the MnIV–O• character is exaggerated by hybrid functionals, questions
still remain about the nature of this bonding. Using high-level wave
function methods, we investigated the fundamental relationship between
the spin polarization, diradical character, and the physical oxidation
state assignments. We conclude that, in terms of formal oxidation
assignment, these species are best described as being between the
MnVO and MnIV–O• extremes. While the extent of the oxyl radical character is exaggerated
in B3LYP, it is significantly underestimated by local functionals.
We also exploited the DFT-functional dependence of the oxyl radical
character to examine its effect on O–O bond formation barrier
heights and concluded that, although, for radical combination reactions,
the oxyl character is a significant effect, for nucleophilic water
attack reactions, the effect is much smaller and is likely not a requisite
feature.