The electronic configurations of LnX (Ln=La–Eu, X=O, S, Se, Te): A FON–DFT investigation

Visible-light driven tetracycline hydrochloride degradation by nano-lanthanum hydroxide modified carbon nitride: performance, mechanism, and application in real wastewater treatment

“…4 Modification of rare earth elements that act as semiconductor photocatalysts is considered an efficient method to significantly enhance their photocatalytic activity. 5 La (Lanthanium) is considered as a low-cost rare earth element that possesses an optimal electronic structure, with the electronic configuration of [Xe]6s 2 4f n ( n = 0–14). 6 Due to the existence of the 4f electron transfer model, 7 La-based materials have rich energy levels, large ionic radii and excellent optical properties.…”

“…4 Modification of rare earth elements that act as semiconductor photocatalysts is considered an efficient method to significantly enhance their photocatalytic activity. 5 the existence of the 4f electron transfer model, 7 La-based materials have rich energy levels, large ionic radii and excellent optical properties. It has been reported that La 3+ ions can act as scavengers trapping the photo-excited electrons and suppressing their recombination, which subsequently improves the photocatalytic activity of WO 3 , ZnWO 4 , and BiOBr.…”