The Electron Transmitter System of Brown Adipose Tissue<sup>*</sup>

Joel, Cliffe D.; Ball, Eric G.

doi:10.1021/bi00908a015

Cited by 99 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The high in vitro oxygen consumption reported for slices of brown adipose tissue from the rat (Joel & Shackney, 1962), and the hedgehog (Fleischmann, 1929) was also found with brown adipose tissue from new-born rabbits. The brown colour of brown adipose tissue in the rat is due to the presence of large amounts of mitochondrial cytochromes (Joel & Ball, 1960). The large proportion of total nitrogen found in the mitochondrial fraction on subcellular fractionation of brown adipose tissue and the high succinoxidase activity relative to nitrogen content suggest that brown adipose tissue of new-born rabbits also contains large amounts of cytochrome pigments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brown adipose tissue and the response of new‐born rabbits to cold

Dawkins¹,

Hull²

1964

The Journal of Physiology

309

120

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Brown adipose tissue and the response of new‐born rabbits to cold

Dawkins¹,

Hull²

1964

The Journal of Physiology

309

120

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“…All the cytochromes involved in mitochondria1 electron transport have been reported to be present in normal proportions in the tissue [30]. Indeed, Stratmann and Hohorst have been able to correlate the cytochrome content with the capacity of brown adipose tissue to participate in non-shivering thermogenesis [31,32].…”

Section: Isolation Of Brown Fat Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Metabolism in Cells Isolated from Brown Adipose Tissue

Prusiner

Cannon

Lindberg

1968

European Journal of Biochemistry

118

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1.Brown fat cells exhibit a classical mitochondria1 electron transport system. 2. The respiration of brown fat cells can be stimulated by nor-epinephrine and this hormonally mediated respiration can be mimicked by oleate.3. Both nor-epinephrine and oleate-stimulated respiration can be blocked by rotenone, antimycin, azide and malonate, and the antimycin block can be by-passed by tetramethyl-p-phen y lenediamine .4. a-Glycerol phosphate and succinate were found to stimulate respiration. 5. The potent a-glycerol phosphate oxidase cannot quantitatively contribute to the respiration evoked during catecholamine induced thermogenesis.It is well-known that catecholamines are able to affect a number of systems in the whole animal, such as glycogenolysis by activating the phosphorylase, glycolysis by activating phosphofructokinase and lipolysis by activating the triglyceride lipase. I n recent years the action of catecholamines on brown adipose tissue has received much attention [I -31. Numerous studies carried out in vivo have shown that the sympathetic nervous system, which releases catecholamines on stimulation, controls thermogenesis in brown fat upon cold exposure and probably on arousal from hibernation [3 -81. Several investigators have demonstrated the rich sympathetic innervation of brown fat where the catecholamine content of the tissue was observed to be 0.5-1.0 pg/gram of tissue, a figure equalled only by the heart [9--121. It is known that the thermogenic effect is linked with increased fatty acid mobilisation and oxidation [I3 to i5]. The work presented here has been carried out in order to investigate whether the catecholamine affects all the above systems or rather whether the activity is restricted to one or more of the functions mentioned.The experiments of Heim and Hull The events leading to this large stimulation of 0, utilization and the nature of the oxidative mechanism will be discussed here. METHODS AND MATERIALS Isolation of Brown Fat CellsBrown fat cells were isolated by a method similar to that described by Fain et al. [19]. Two important modifications were introduced into the isolation procedure. First, hamsters were starved for 48 to 72 h prior to sacrifice in order to reduce the size of the lipid globules within the cells. Analyses of extractable lipids from rat brown fat show a 40°/, reduction of lipid after 48 h of starvation [21]. Second, micro-hematocrit determinations of the cell volume in the final suspension were made in order to allow adjustment of the suspension concentration prior to experimentation.Adult hamsters, more than 60 days old, weighing 70-105 g, were killed by guillotine to minimize the

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“…1). The brown colour is apparently due to a high concentration of cytochromes (Joel and Ball, 1960). :.4.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%