2017
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00389
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The Electron Bifurcating FixABCX Protein Complex from Azotobacter vinelandii: Generation of Low-Potential Reducing Equivalents for Nitrogenase Catalysis

Abstract: The biological reduction of dinitrogen (N) to ammonia (NH) by nitrogenase is an energetically demanding reaction that requires low-potential electrons and ATP; however, pathways used to deliver the electrons from central metabolism to the reductants of nitrogenase, ferredoxin or flavodoxin, remain unknown for many diazotrophic microbes. The FixABCX protein complex has been proposed to reduce flavodoxin or ferredoxin using NADH as the electron donor in a process known as electron bifurcation. Herein, the FixABC… Show more

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Cited by 124 publications
(148 citation statements)
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“…A further significant resemblance was found between CarE of A. woodii and the family of FixB proteins (28–30% identity) also composed of members with and without a Fd‐like domain. FixB proteins are involved in the anaerobic carnitine and amine/polyamine metabolism and presumably also in a FBEB event . Altogether, no significant common features between EtfAB sequences with and without a Fd‐like domain and between the metabolisms of the corresponding microorganisms were deducible.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…A further significant resemblance was found between CarE of A. woodii and the family of FixB proteins (28–30% identity) also composed of members with and without a Fd‐like domain. FixB proteins are involved in the anaerobic carnitine and amine/polyamine metabolism and presumably also in a FBEB event . Altogether, no significant common features between EtfAB sequences with and without a Fd‐like domain and between the metabolisms of the corresponding microorganisms were deducible.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 94%
“…In vitro studies with FixABCX from Azotobacter vinelandii showed that this complex bifurcates electrons from NADH to generate reduced quinone and reduced Fd or Fld as the primary electron donor to nitrogenase (Ledbetter et al ., ). R. palustris has three Fd genes in its nif gene cluster ( rpa4602‐rpa4634 ): fdxB ( rpa4612 ), ferN ( rpa4629 ) and fer1 ( rpa4631 ), all of which are upregulated under nitrogen‐fixing conditions (Oda et al ., ) (Supporting Information Fig.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…Known electron transfer pathways to nitrogenase include pyruvate:ferredoxin/flavodoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR/NifJ), the Rhodobacter nitrogen fixation (Rnf) complex, hydrogenases and FixABCX, and a number of nitrogen‐fixing organisms can utilize more than one pathway (Edgren and Nordlund, ; Herrmann et al ., ; Khanna and Lindblad, ; Poudel et al ., ; Ledbetter et al ., ). R. palustris does not encode Rnf, but it encodes genes that are annotated as PFOR as well as FixABCX.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 97%
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