The Electroencephalogram After Alcohol Administration in High-Risk Men and the Development of Alcohol Use Disorders 10 Years Later

Volavka, Jan; Czobor, Pál; Goodwin, Donald W.; Gabrielli, William F.; Penick, Elizabeth C.; Mednick, Sarnoff A.; Jensen, Per; Knop, Joachim; Schulsinger, Fini

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830030080012

Cited by 121 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Our findings are consistent with evidence of LLRs to alcohol among young people at increased risk for AUDs (ie, men family history positive for AUDs; Volavka et al, 1996;Schuckit and Smith, 1996;Tolentino et al, 2011). However, our findings extend this possibility to a distinct at-risk group (ie, individuals atrisk for BD) for the first time.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…LLRs at ages 19 and 20 predict AUDs at 10-and 8-year follow-up, respectively (Volavka et al, 1996;Schuckit and Smith, 1996). In contrast, other studies have reported that individuals at-risk for AUDs (Conrod et al, 1997;Peterson et al, 1996) exhibit enhanced physiological responses to alcohol (eg, elevated heart rate; elevated plasma b-endorphins), consistent with the so-called 'differentiator' model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…However, our findings extend this possibility to a distinct at-risk group (ie, individuals atrisk for BD) for the first time. LLRs at ages 19 and 20 predict AUDs at 10-and 8-year follow-up (Volavka et al, 1996;Schuckit and Smith, 1996), and are candidate biomarkers for the risk of subsequent alcohol misuse (Tolentino et al, 2011). As such, future studies looking at the longitudinal effects of LLRs among individuals at-risk for BD are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

Yip

Doherty

Wakeley

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Elevated lifetime prevalence rates of alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are a feature of bipolar disorder (BD). Individuals at-risk for AUDs exhibit blunted subjective responses to alcohol (low levels of response), which may represent a biomarker for AUDs. Thus, individuals atrisk for BD may exhibit low responses to alcohol. Participants were 20 unmedicated adult males who reported high rates of hypomanic experiences (bipolar phenotype participants; BPPs), aged 18 to 21 years, and 20 healthy controls matched on age, gender, IQ, BMI, and weekly alcohol intake. Subjective and pharmacokinetic responses to acute alcohol (0.8 g/kg) vs placebo administration were collected in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled, within-subjects design. BPP participants reported significantly lower subjective intoxication effects ('feel high': F ¼ 14.2, p ¼ 0.001; 'feel effects': F ¼ 8.1, p ¼ 0.008) across time, but did not differ in their pharmacokinetic, stimulant, or sedative responses. Paradoxically, however, the BPP participants reported significantly higher expectations of the positive effects of alcohol than controls. Our results suggest that unmedicated young males with previous hypomanic experiences exhibit diminished subjective responses to alcohol. These blunted alcohol responses are not attributable to differences in weekly alcohol intake, pharmacokinetic effects (eg, absorption rates), or familial risk of AUDs. These observations suggest that the dampened intoxication may contribute to the increased rates of alcohol misuse in young people at-risk for BD, and suggest possible shared etiological factors in the development of AUDs and BD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

Yip

Doherty

Wakeley

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…An 8.2 year follow-up of 450 out of 453 sons of alcoholics and controls reported that a low LR as measured by an alcohol challenge is a powerful predictor of later alcoholism and explains most of the relationship between a person's family history and later alcohol abuse or dependence, with the predictive ability of LR also noted in several other studies (Rodriguez et al, 1993;Schuckit and Smith, 1996;Volavka et al, 1996). Efforts are now underway to identify genes that contribute to LR, and thus an enhanced alcoholism risk, which include evaluations of specific genes by using the case-control paradigm in family history positive and family history negative men as part of a prospective study .…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

A Genome‐Wide Search for Genes That Relate to a Low Level of Response to Alcohol

Schuckit¹,

Edenberg²,

Kalmijn³

et al. 2001

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

196

111

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Background:The low level of response (LR) to alcohol is genetically influenced in both humans and animals, and a low LR is a characteristic of offspring of alcoholics that has been reported to predict alcoholism 10 and 15 years later. The genes that contribute to a low LR have not yet been identified.Methods: A 12-item questionnaire that measures LR, the Self Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) instrument, was filled out by 745 individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) for whom genetic material was available. These subjects were genotyped by using 336 markers with an average heterozygosity of 0.74 and an average intermarker distance of 10.5 cM. Both quantitative and qualitative nonparametric, sib-pair analyses were carried out for the SRE measure related to early drinking experiences.Results: Correlations of SRE scores across related individuals were significant and between 0.16 and 0.22 for most values, compared with nonsignificant correlations of 0.03 or less among unrelated individuals. Linkage analyses performed by using the FIRST 5 variables (first five times alcohol is consumed) identified four chromosomal regions with lod scores Ն2.0 whose maximum was also near a marker. One of these chromosomal regions previously was linked to alcohol dependence in the COGA sample.Conclusions: These data document the familial nature of a low LR to alcohol as measured by the SRE and suggest several chromosomal regions that might contribute to the phenomenon.

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“…A similar finding was obtained by observation of very rapid drinking results in an oral alcohol challenge protocol, although at later time points with falling BACs, the FHP subjects tended to demonstrate lower LRs than the FHNs . Second, supporting the probable reliability and validity of a low LR are data from all four relevant longitudinal studies showing that this phenotype predicts future heavier drinking and alcohol-related problems, with data generated in the United States, Australia, and Denmark (Heath et al, 1999;Rodriguez et al, 1993;Smith, 1996, 2000;Volavka et al, 1996). When used as part of an alcohol challenge protocol, the LR measures appear reliable as the correlation between two different doses of alcohol over several weeks is as high at .70, with a test-retest correlation at the same dose as high as .60 (Schuckit and Gold, 1988;Schuckit, 1985;Viken et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

The level of response to alcohol in daughters of alcoholics and controls

Eng

Schuckit

Smith

2005

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background: The low level of response (LR) to alcohol is a genetically influenced characteristic related to the development of alcohol use disorders (AUDs). This phenotype is found in men with a family history (FH) of alcoholism, predicts future AUDs, and has heritabilities as high as 60%. However, despite evidence of genetic influences for AUDs in both sexes, the majority of studies evaluating differences in LR across high-and low-risk groups have been conducted on males, and it is unclear how generalizable these results are to women. Methods: Twenty-five women who are family history positive (FHP) for alcohol dependence were matched with 25 women with no FH of alcoholism (FHN) on factors that may impact LR. Using an alcohol challenge paradigm, data on the reaction to a moderate dose of alcohol were gathered over a period of 3.5 h. Assessments included breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs), the Subjective High Assessment Scale (SHAS), as well as body sway or static ataxia. Results: Family history positives reported lower subjective intoxication than FHNs. In addition, when body sway scores were corrected for skewness, FHPs had significantly lower scores on alcohol-related changes in lateral sway. These differences remained after considering the effects of drinking history and BrAC values. Conclusions: This study evaluated the LR to alcohol in the largest sample of alcohol challenges in matched FHP and FHN women to date. Overall, the findings are consistent with most data from earlier investigations of smaller sized samples of FHP women. The results suggest that, similar to sons of alcoholics, a low LR to alcohol might also be characteristic of daughters of alcoholics.

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The Electroencephalogram After Alcohol Administration in High-Risk Men and the Development of Alcohol Use Disorders 10 Years Later

Cited by 121 publications

References 24 publications

Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

Reduced Subjective Response to Acute Ethanol Administration Among Young Men with a Broad Bipolar Phenotype

A Genome‐Wide Search for Genes That Relate to a Low Level of Response to Alcohol

The level of response to alcohol in daughters of alcoholics and controls

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