The electroclinical spectrum, etiologies, treatment and outcome of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly

Refractory status epilepticus responding to lidocaine: a case report

“…Cerebral damage related to status epilepticus may also develop entirely independently of systemic complications. This kind of independent neuronal damage is believed to develop as a result of increased metabolic demand through calcium-dependent excitotoxicity, glial metabotropic glutamate receptors and excessive neuronal activity [1][2][3]. Recent arguments suggest that certain surgical epilepsy interventions (such as focal resection or multiple subpial transection) may be needed for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in carefully selected cases who are nonresponsive to repeated courses of medical therapy.…”

“…Refractory status epilepticus is a form of epilepsy that fails to respond to therapy and involves continued seizure activity as demonstrated by clinical and electroencephalographic findings. Several antiepileptic agents are used for its treatment at predefined dose ranges and protocols [1,2]. In this paper, we will discuss a case of refractory status epilepticus in a case with no previously diagnosed epilepsy who reported having ten generalized tonicclonic seizures successively on the same day at her first presentation and responded only to lidocaine despite administration of full range of antiepileptic drug therapies.…”

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus in the elderly

“…La morbi-mortalité plus importante des états de mal épileptiques du sujet âgé est un fait reconnu en ce qui concerne les états de mal convulsifs généralisés (50% de mortalité) [26]. Une étude récente a ainsi montré que la mortalité était beaucoup plus élevée chez le sujet âgé que chez le sujet jeune (31% vs. 7%) malgré une surreprésentation d'EMNC dans la population âgée [27].…”

Prevalence and clinical correlates of non-convulsive status epilepticus in elderly patients with acute confusional state: A systematic literature review

“…More recently, Canas et al [37] identified and characterized a cohort of 40 elderly patients (aged above 60 years; mean age 77 years) fulfilling EEG diagnostic criteria for NCSE admitted at their institution in a 3-year period. After an extensive review of video-EEG data, the authors found that dyscognitive NCSE associated with epileptiform discharges above 2.5…”