The electrochemical reactivation test (ERT) to detect the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion

Bühler, Hans‐Eugen; Gerlach, Lutz; Greven, Oliver; Bleck, Wolfgang

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(03)00062-3

Cited by 40 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…3 and 4 show a higher formation of M 23 C 6 type carbides in grain boundaries, with dual and ditch type precipitates. These results confirm that the heat treatments in AISI 304 promote a high depletion of chromium in these alloys, as noted by several authors [14][15][16][17]. to intergranular corrosion, when subjected to heat treatment.…”

Section: Microstructural Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Intergranular Corrosion of AISI 304 Heat Treated at 800 °C Varying Range Times

Viana¹,

Venturini²,

Souza³

2015

JCCE

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Austenitic stainless steels, when exposed to welding conditions or aging for length of service, it's observed the formation of numerous deleterious phases, such as several kinds of carbides type MC, M 6 C, M 7 C 3 , M 23 C 6 , and intermetallic secondary phases (sigma, chi, laves), which cause the process of intergranular corrosion. The aim of this work was verifying the formation of the types of carbides and/or intermetallic phases existing in the stainless AISI 304 at 800 ºC, varying the timing of heat treatment between 30, 360 and 1,440 min. The optical microscopy analysis revealed the predominant formation of the carbide type M 23 C 6 . The results of DL-EPR (double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation) tests showed a gradual increase in the precipitation of this carbide with the increase of treatment time. The potentiodynamic polarization showed that the precipitation of this carbide reduce the formation of the Cr 2 O 3 passive layer, suggesting that the precipitate carbide to be predominantly of the Cr 23 C 6 type.

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Section: Microstructural Analysissupporting

confidence: 90%

Intergranular Corrosion of AISI 304 Heat Treated at 800 °C Varying Range Times

Viana¹,

Venturini²,

Souza³

2015

JCCE

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“…Tavares et al expounded that the formation of austenite after aging at 595 °C for 4 h reduced the diffusion coefficient of chromium, thus caused the precipitation of chromium carbides. Moreover, the precipitation of intergranular chromium carbides makes PH steel susceptible to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) . Furthermore, coarse ferrite grains can enhance the accumulation of hydrogen in the stress concentration zone in front of the crack tip and thus promote crack growth, whereas martensite and bainite are considered to be more sensitive to HIC .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion behavior of 17–4 PH stainless steel in simulated marine environment

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2018

Materials & Corrosion

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The corrosion behavior of 17–4 precipitation hardened (PH) stainless steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution was investigated in the present research by both electrochemical experiments and constant strain rate tensile tests. Electrochemical experiments revealed that corrosion behavior of PH steel was mainly controlled by cathodic reactions. The double‐stage aging process exhibited poor corrosion resistance with a corrosion current density (icorr) of 1.18 × 10−5 A/cm2 in comparison to single‐stage aging and adding intermediate treatments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images suggested that cracks in the samples were deeper and wider, whereas transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images expounded that the precipitation of carbides occurred at grain boundaries. The adding intermediate treatment process yielded the lowest SCC susceptibility (Iscc) with the lowest icorr of 4.98 × 10−6 A/cm2. Furthermore, it was found that anodic dissolution (AD) dominated the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism of 17–4 PH stainless steel; however, under the same process, applied strain rates also increased the values of Iscc. Therefore, among all factors, heat treatment processes manifested greater effects on Iscc as compared to applied strain rates and loading times.

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“…The susceptibility of stainless steels to IGC behavior can be assessed using a number of standard methods, like the Strauss test, Huey test, or Streicher test, but these are time-consuming, only qualitative and destructive [9]. Initially used for austenitic stainless steels [10], electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (EPR) -including single-loop (SL-EPR) and double-loop versions (DL-EPR) -has subsequently been introduced by Lopez et al [11] as a wellestablished and useful tool for assessing the degree of sensitization (DOS) of duplex stainless steel UNS S31803.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%