The electrochemical oxidation of Pb to form PbSO4

The influence of ammonium lignosulphonate as an expander on the formation of PbSO4 on lead amalgam electrodes

“…presence of an anodic peak in the region of -940 to -820 mV resulting from the formation of a PbSO, film, and a cathodic peak resulting from the reduction of the film. The potential region of film formation is consistent with earlier results on solid electrodes (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). The equilibrium potential of the sulphated amalgam electrode in 1.30 mold sulphuric acid was calculated to be -970 mV vs. Hg2S04.…”

In Situ Transmission X-Ray Microscopy of the Lead Sulfate Film Formation on Lead in Sulfuric Acid

“…For instance, both the Lakeman and Harrison groups studied the mechanisms of PbSO 4 formation and suggested a dissolution-precipitation mechanism at low overpotentials with solid-state nucleation-and-growth occurring at high overpotentials. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Later work by Hall and Wright, which was further developed by Varela et al, suggested that both mechanisms (dissolution-precipitation and solid-state nucleation-andgrowth) occur simultaneously in a complex manner which results in a bi-layered salt film with different properties for each layer. They suggested that passivation resulted from large crystals forming on top of a porous film as a result of a dissolution-precipitation mechanism.…”

Characterization of Oxidation Product Films on Lead in Aqueous Media by In Situ Raman Spectroscopy

“…Today this property gives lead cotisiderable use in the chemical industry (3,47). While it is well known that the corrosion resistance is due to thin surface films, these have only been examined in detail in sulfuric acid solutions (48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60) and, to a lesser extent, in hydrochloric acid (61-64).…”