The Electrochemical Characterization of Single Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Holt, Lucy R.; Plowman, Blake J.; Young, Neil P.; Tschulik, Kristina; Compton, Richard G.

doi:10.1002/anie.201509008

Cited by 50 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The oxidation of Au in the pure gold sample leads to a mixture of soluble Au + and Au 3+ species at +1.05 V [Eqs. ], which are reduced to Au at +0.39 V in the reverse cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver–Gold Nanoparticles

Grasmik

Rurainsky

Loza

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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Spherical bimetallic AgAu nanoparticles in the molar ratios 30:70, 50:50, and 70:30 with diameters of 30 to 40 nm were analyzed together with pure silver and gold nanoparticles of the same size. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) were used for size determination. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used to determine the nanoalloy composition, together with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and ultraviolet-visible (UV/Vis) spectroscopy. Underpotential deposition (UPD) of lead (Pb) on the particle surface gave information about its spatial elemental distribution and surface area. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were applied to study the shape and the size of the nanoparticles. X-ray powder diffraction gave the crystallite size and the microstrain. The particles form a solid solution (alloy) with an enrichment of silver on the nanoparticle surface, including some silver-rich patches. UPD indicated that the surface only consists of silver atoms.

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“…The oxidation of Au in the pure gold sample leads to a mixture of soluble Au + and Au 3+ species at +1.05 V [Eqs. ], which are reduced to Au at +0.39 V in the reverse cycle.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…], which are reduced to Au at +0.39 V in the reverse cycle. Under these experimental conditions, the oxidation of Au 0 to Au + and Au 3+ releases an average of 1.9 electrons per Au atom

true normalA normalu + 2 {normalC normall}^{-} \vec{\leftarrow} {([], {A u C l}_{2})}^{-} + {normale}^{-}

true normalA normalu + 4 {normalC normall}^{-} \vec{\leftarrow} {([], {A u C l}_{4})}^{-} + {3 normale}^{-}

…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver–Gold Nanoparticles

Grasmik

Rurainsky

Loza

et al. 2018

Chemistry A European J

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“…An understanding of nanocrystal growth mechanisms is important for the design of novel materials . These mechanisms might be applied to consider the crystal growth process of metal nanoclusters.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the mechanism of this spontaneous bimetallization, especially its kinetic aspect, has not been well clarified. The clarification of this reaction may elucidate the mechanism of the crystal growth of metal NPs . Indeed, the formation of metal NPs through a microcluster has been noticed .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Spontaneous Bimetallization between Silver and Noble Metal Nanoparticles

Hirakawa

Kaneko

Toshima

2018

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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A physical mixture of polymer-protected Ag nanoparticles and Rh, Pd, or Pt nanoparticles spontaneously forms Ag-core bimetallic nanoparticles. The formed nanoparticles were smaller than the parent Ag nanoparticles. In the initial process of this reaction, the surface plasmon absorption of Ag nanoparticles diminished and then almost ceased within one hour. Within several minutes, the decrease in Ag surface plasmon absorption could be analyzed by second-order reaction. This reaction was accelerated with an increase of temperature and the energy gap in the Fermi level between Ag and the other metals. The activation energy (E ) of this reaction could be determined. An electron transfer reaction from Ag to other metal nanoparticles was proposed as the initial interaction between these metal nanoparticles because the Fermi level of Ag is relatively high, and the electron transfer is possible in terms of energy. The Marcus plot between the rate constant and the driving force, roughly estimated from the work function of metals, and the observed E values reasonably explained the proposed electron transfer mechanism.

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“…On this basis, to study the kinetic aspects of Co 3 O 4 NPs mediating the OH − oxidation, single particle electrochemistry will be attempted in addition to the conventional study of the drop‐cast particle ensembles. Further, we also investigate the electrochemistry of core‐shell Co 3 O 4 @SiO 2 NPs and compare them with Co 3 O 4 NPs, drawing on the successful electrochemical studies of identifying and quantifying broken shells of metal/metal oxide core‐shell NPs using drop‐cast experiments, and characterising single core‐shell Au@Ag using the nano‐impact technique …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroxide Ions by Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄@SiO₂ Nanoparticles Both at Particle Ensembles and at the Single Particle Level

et al. 2020

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We report that the Co3O4 nanoparticle‐mediated electrochemical oxidation under alkaline conditions of the hydroxide ion on a glassy carbon macroelectrode leads to hydrogen peroxide as the initial oxidation product of electron transfer. The latter is inferred to subsequently partially decompose to dioxygen by catalytic chemical reaction at the nanoparticles. At the single particle level, electrochemical particle‐electrode impacts point out the rate‐determining step and the limiting kinetics of the reaction. Furthermore, particles with a core‐shell structure of a Co3O4 core and SiO2 shell are synthesised, and their electrochemical behaviour is studied and compared with bare Co3O4 nanoparticles, suggesting the very likely broken or highly porous state of the silica shell, which is not otherwise easily distinguished, for example, by electron microscopy.

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The Electrochemical Characterization of Single Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver–Gold Nanoparticles

Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver–Gold Nanoparticles

Kinetics of Spontaneous Bimetallization between Silver and Noble Metal Nanoparticles

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroxide Ions by Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄@SiO₂ Nanoparticles Both at Particle Ensembles and at the Single Particle Level

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The Electrochemical Characterization of Single Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Cited by 50 publications

References 35 publications

Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver–Gold Nanoparticles

Deciphering the Surface Composition and the Internal Structure of Alloyed Silver–Gold Nanoparticles

Kinetics of Spontaneous Bimetallization between Silver and Noble Metal Nanoparticles

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroxide Ions by Co3O4 and Co3O4@SiO2 Nanoparticles Both at Particle Ensembles and at the Single Particle Level

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Product

Resources

About

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Hydroxide Ions by Co₃O₄ and Co₃O₄@SiO₂ Nanoparticles Both at Particle Ensembles and at the Single Particle Level