“…As can be seen: the MCM cools down to the same temperature as it had at the start of the measurement. The coupling constant κ is fitted from the second cooling period (section 3 in figure 3) using the following function given by equation (9). The second cooling period this used, as it closest represents the thermal conditions reached at the end of cycling the material.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The amount of dissipative heat of a caloric material is sensitive to factors such as material composition [7,8], field strength and direction [9,10], the manufacturing process [11][12][13] and many others [14,15]. Therefore, measuring and controlling the material efficiency is crucial for the development of efficient caloric heat pumps.…”
Hysteresis and the associated production of dissipative heat during first order phase transitions are often major contributors to thermodynamic losses in caloric heat pumps. The figure of merit (FOM), defined as the ratio of adiabatic temperature change and the thermal hysteresis of the caloric material, quantifies these losses, and can also be used to calculate the maximum potential efficiency of a caloric material in a thermodynamic cycle. This paper presents a novel and simple method to determine the heat loss and thus the FOM can be determined from self-heating of the caloric material during repeated field cycling. As this method mainly requires temperature readings and the ability to cycle the caloric material in a field, most test setups that directly measure the adiabatic temperature change should already be able to perform dissipative heat measurements with this technique. With the presented method, we were able to determine the efficiency of a commercial LaFeSiMnH-sample with a high degree of accuracy. A maximum FOM of
37
±
1
was determined for the selected LaFeSiMnH-sample. In an ideal cascaded magneto caloric system, this corresponds to a system efficiency of 90%, with an ideal heat regeneration this could theoretically even be increased to 97%.
“…As can be seen: the MCM cools down to the same temperature as it had at the start of the measurement. The coupling constant κ is fitted from the second cooling period (section 3 in figure 3) using the following function given by equation (9). The second cooling period this used, as it closest represents the thermal conditions reached at the end of cycling the material.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The amount of dissipative heat of a caloric material is sensitive to factors such as material composition [7,8], field strength and direction [9,10], the manufacturing process [11][12][13] and many others [14,15]. Therefore, measuring and controlling the material efficiency is crucial for the development of efficient caloric heat pumps.…”
Hysteresis and the associated production of dissipative heat during first order phase transitions are often major contributors to thermodynamic losses in caloric heat pumps. The figure of merit (FOM), defined as the ratio of adiabatic temperature change and the thermal hysteresis of the caloric material, quantifies these losses, and can also be used to calculate the maximum potential efficiency of a caloric material in a thermodynamic cycle. This paper presents a novel and simple method to determine the heat loss and thus the FOM can be determined from self-heating of the caloric material during repeated field cycling. As this method mainly requires temperature readings and the ability to cycle the caloric material in a field, most test setups that directly measure the adiabatic temperature change should already be able to perform dissipative heat measurements with this technique. With the presented method, we were able to determine the efficiency of a commercial LaFeSiMnH-sample with a high degree of accuracy. A maximum FOM of
37
±
1
was determined for the selected LaFeSiMnH-sample. In an ideal cascaded magneto caloric system, this corresponds to a system efficiency of 90%, with an ideal heat regeneration this could theoretically even be increased to 97%.
“…A composite structure is also attractive for fabricating flexible EC devices. For example, Pure perovskite structured Pb 0.8 Ba 0.2 ZrO 3 nanofibers (PBZ-nfs) obtained by electrospinning were compounded with PVDF to fabricate composite film through the solution casting method [50]. The fiber structure not only makes the device flexible but also increases interface polarization, thereby enhancing the electrocaloric effect.…”
HIGHLIGHTS• This article systematically reviews the thermal management wearables with a specific emphasis on materials and strategies to regulate the human body temperature.• Thermal management wearables are subdivided into the active and passive thermal managing methods.• The strength and weakness of each thermal regulatory wearables are discussed in details from the view point of practical usage in real-life.
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