The electro-optic kerr effect in noncentrosymmetric KH2PO4 and KD2PO4 monocrystals

Magnitude and nature of the quadratic electro-optic effect in potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate crystals

“…Closer inspection of the results published in the literature reveals that they may be divided into two separate sets that differ by a factor of ϳ100. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Of the values obtained by different methods, those derived earlier by static means are of order of magnitude 10 Ϫ18 m 2 V Ϫ2 and are larger than the equivalent dynamic values. The difference in these results cannot be explained in terms of either measurement error or a dependence of the coefficients on temperature, wavelength, or the frequency of the modulating field.…”

“…Such data for both KDP and ADP have been tabulated 4 and the discrepancy in results noted by a number of authors. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] As an example, values given by Perfilova and Sonin 5 for KDP are (in units of m 2 V Ϫ2 ) ͉ g xxxx Ϫ g yyxx ͉ ϭ 2.6 ϫ 10 Ϫ18 and ͉n o 3 g xxxx Ϫ n e 3 g zzxx ͉ ϭ 13.5 ϫ 10 Ϫ18 ; the corresponding ones for ADP are 1.7 ϫ 10 Ϫ18 and 16.5 ϫ 10 Ϫ18 . In contrast, other authors 6,7 quote for KDP (in units of m 2 V Ϫ2 ), ͉ g xxxx Ϫ g yyxx ͉ ϭ 2.5 ϫ 10 Ϫ20 and n o 3 g xxxx Ϫ n e 3 g zzxx ϭ Ϫ12 ϫ 10 Ϫ20 , and for ADP, ͉ g xxxx Ϫ g yyxx ͉ ϭ 4.7 ϫ 10 Ϫ20 .…”

The Quadratic Electrooptic Coefficientg1111 —g2211 of DKDP Crystals

“…r 123 À10X3 to 10X5 Â 10 À12 V/m and r 123 À26X4 Â 10 À12 V/m along with e 3 0 20X8 and e 3 0 50, for KDP and DKDP, respectively, one observes that the intrinsic coefficient m 123 in these crystals is nearly equal. Following (6), assuming an analogous rough constancy of M 1111 À M 2211 and using e 1 0 43X2 (KDP) and e 1 0 57 to 63 (DKDP) [14], one expects jg 1111 À g 2211 j in DKDP to be almost twice larger than that for KDP. Our measurements are in contradiction with such prediction and show that for the electric fields applied along the [001] and [100] directions the nature of the electrooptic effect is different.…”

Large quadratic electro-optic effect in K0.99Li0.01Ta0.60Nb0.40O3 single crystal

“…On the other hand, the quadratic EO materials can be integrated and have already been used in microelectronics and for optical waveguide components [1]. The Kerr effect is very weak in most materials, with the quadric electrooptical (QEO) coefficient (R) value of w10 À18wÀ20 m 2 V À2 [2,3]. But it is significantly large in ferroelectrics just above the Curie temperature (T c ) or the morphotropic phase boundary, which takes advantage of the phase transition [4].…”