The electrical conductivity/chlorinity relationship in natural sea water

Cox, R. A.; Culkin, F.; Riley, J.P.

doi:10.1016/0011-7471(67)90006-x

Cited by 69 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…24-27. This conclusion is similar to earlier studies on regional ocean waters (Cox et al, 1967;Lewis, 1981).…”

Section: (I) Practical Salinity Sp Is Knownsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…However, the chemical composition of seawater is not exactly constant. Regional deviations of seawater composition and properties were occasionally investigated, in particular in the 1970s (Rohde, 1966;Cox et al, 1967;Kremling, 1969Kremling, , 1970Kremling, , 1972Connors and Kester, 1974;Brewer and Bradshaw, 1975;Millero et al, 1978;Poisson et al, 1981;Millero, 2000), but were generally considered of minor relevance and ignored by previous international oceanographic standards (Forch et al, 1902;Jacobsen and Knudsen, 1940;Lewis, 1981;Millero, 2010). However, the effects of these compositional variations are measureable, and are easily the largest single factor currently limiting the accuracy of empirical formulas for the thermodynamic properties of seawater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermophysical property anomalies of Baltic seawater

et al. 2010

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Abstract. While the thermodynamic properties of Standard Seawater are very well known, the quantitative effect of sea salt composition anomalies on various properties is difficult to estimate since comprehensive lab experiments with the various natural waters are scarce. Coastal and estuarine waters exhibit significant anomalies which also influence to an unknown amount the routine salinity calculation from conductivity measurements.Recent numerical models of multi-component aqueous electrolytes permit the simulation of physical chemical properties of seawater with variable solute composition. In this paper, the FREZCHEM model is used to derive a Gibbs function for Baltic seawater, and the LSEA DELS model to provide estimates for the conductivity anomaly relative to Standard Seawater. From additional information such as direct density measurements or empirical salinity anomaly parameterisation, the quantitative deviations of properties between Baltic and Standard Seawater are calculated as functions of salinity and temperature. While several quantities show anomalies that are comparable with their measurement uncertainties and do not demand special improvement, others exhibit more significant deviations from Standard Seawater properties. In particular density and sound speed turn out to be significantly sensitive to the presence of anomalous solute. Suitable general correction methods are suggested to be applied to Baltic Sea samples with known Practical Salinity and, optionally, directly determined density.

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“…24-27. This conclusion is similar to earlier studies on regional ocean waters (Cox et al, 1967;Lewis, 1981).…”

Section: (I) Practical Salinity Sp Is Knownsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermophysical property anomalies of Baltic seawater

et al. 2010

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“…See the limnological features for the numbers of lakes (Kudoh and Tanabe 2014). Seawater electrical conductivity (e.g., Cox et al 1967;Lee et al 2006), salinity (e.g., Koblinsky et al 2003), and a variety of electrical conductivity measurements in hypersaline lakes (e.g., Williams and Sherwood 1994) are also given. The trends in the contents of some major elements indicate a marked transition from marine to lacustrine conditions in each of the cores (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Geochemistry Major Elemental Compositions and Sedimentary mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeochemistry and limnology in Antarctic subglacial weathering: molecular evidence of the linkage between subglacial silica input and primary producers in a perennially ice-covered lake

Takano

Kojima

Takeda

et al. 2015

Prog. in Earth and Planet. Sci.

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We report a 6,000 years record of subglacial weathering and biogeochemical processes in two perennially ice-covered glacial lakes at Rundvågshetta, on the Soya Coast of Lützow-Holm Bay, East Antarctica. The two lakes, Lake Maruwan Oike and Lake Maruwan-minami, are located in a channel that drains subglacial water from the base of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Greenish-grayish organic-rich laminations in sediment cores from the lakes indicate continuous primary production affected by the inflow of subglacial meltwater containing relict carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and other essential nutrients. Biogenic silica, amorphous hydrated silica, and DNA-based molecular signatures of sedimentary facies indicate that diatom assemblages are the dominant primary producers, supported by the input of inorganic silicon (Si) from the subglacial inflow. This study highlights the significance of subglacial water-rock interactions during physical and chemical weathering processes and the importance of such interactions for the supply of bioavailable nutrients.

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“…More details can be seen in Cox, Culkin, and Riley (1967) ; Ma et al (2015) ;and, Wooster, Lee, and Dietrich (1969) . Then, the observed pressures of air and groundwater, and elevations of each LTC-Diver, were transformed into freshwater-equivalent hydraulic head (Figure 4).…”

Section: Field Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%