The electrical characteristics of command and motor neurons during acquisition of a conditioned defensive reflex and formation of long-term sensitization in snails

Kl, Gainutdinov; Vv, Andrianov; Tk, Gainutdinova; Ea, Tarasova

doi:10.1007/bf02461395

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Memory was suggested to be encoded on the inside of neurons 7–18,42–44 , in the cellular microenvironment 45,46 , and in unique neuronal ensembles 47 . In mollusks, a persistent depolarization of membrane potential was demonstrated to contribute to a long-term associative memory trace 16–18 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage and erasure of behavioural experiences at the single neuron level

D'yakonova

Sultanakhmetov

Mezheritskiy

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Although predictions from the past about the future have been of major interest to current neuroscience, how past and present behavioral experience interacts at the level of a single neuron remains largely unknown. Using the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis we found that recent experience of terrestrial locomotion (exercise) results in a long-term increase in the firing rate of serotonergic pedal (PeA) neurons. Isolation from the CNS preserved the “memory” about previous motor activity in the neurons even after the animals rested for two hours in deep water after the exercise. In contrast, in the CNS, no difference in the firing rate between the control and “exercise-rested” (ER) neurons was seen. ER snails, when placed again on a surface to exercise, nevertheless showed faster locomotor arousal. The difference in the firing rate between the control and ER isolated neurons disappeared when the neurons were placed in the microenvironment of their home ganglia. It is likely that an increased content of dopamine in the CNS masks an increased excitation of PeA neurons after rest: the dopamine receptor antagonist sulpiride produced sustained excitation in PeA neurons from ER snails but not in the control. Therefore, our data suggest the involvement of two mechanisms in the interplay of past and present experiences at the cellular level: intrinsic neuronal changes in the biophysical properties of the cell membrane and extrinsic modulatory environment of the ganglia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage and erasure of behavioural experiences at the single neuron level

D'yakonova

Sultanakhmetov

Mezheritskiy

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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“…It was described earlier (Gainutdinov et al, 1998 , 2000 ) that associative conditioning of the terrestrial snail Helix elicited long-lasting changes in the electrical characteristics of functionally identified premotor interneurons triggering withdrawal behavior. We have measured the duration of retention of long-lasting changes (Figures 3A,B ) in these neurons in eight groups of trained snails at different time points.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Thus, the long-term changes in responsiveness of premotor interneurons could not be due to effects of 5-HT. This fact may be important for the analysis of plasticity changes occurring in the nervous system during learning (Gainutdinov et al, 1998 , 2000 , 2011 ; Balaban, 2017 ). It was also found that prolonged or repeated exposure of the abdominal ganglion to 5-HT leads to rapid hyperexcitability of sensory neurons in Aplysia (Liao et al, 1999 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Withdrawal Interneurons to Serotonin Applications in Naïve and Learned Snails Are Different

Bogodvid

Андрианов

Deryabina

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

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Long-term changes in membrane potential after associative training were described previously in identified premotor interneurons for withdrawal of the terrestrial snail Helix. Serotonin was shown to be a major transmitter involved in triggering the long-term changes in mollusks. In the present study we compared the changes in electrophysiological characteristics of identifiable premotor interneurons for withdrawal in response to bath applications of serotonin (5-HT) or serotonin precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) in preparations from naïve, neurotoxin-injected or associatively trained snails. It was found that 5-HT or 5-HTP applications caused a significant decrease of membrane potential in premotor interneurons of naïve snails, associatively trained snails and snails with impaired serotonergic system by injection of a selective neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) 1 week before the experiments. Applications of 5-HT or 5-HTP did not cause significant changes in the action potential (AP) threshold potential of these neurons in naïve snails. Conversely, applications of 5-HT or 5-HTP to the premotor interneurons of previously trained or 5,7-DHT-injected snails caused a significant increase in the firing threshold potential in spite of a depolarizing shift of the resting membrane potential. Results demonstrate that responsiveness of premotor interneurons to extracellularly applied 5-HT or 5-HTP changes for days after the associative training or serotonin depletion. Similarity of the effects in trained and 5,7-DHT-injected animals may be due to massive release of serotonin elicited by 5,7-DHT injection. Our results suggest that serotonin release due to aversive conditionining or elicited by the neurotoxin administration triggers similar changes in resting membrane potential and AP threshold in response to bath applications of 5-HT or its precursor 5-HTP.

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“…The long-term sensitization of the defensive reflex of mollusks was produced by previously developed procedure [24]. The animals were influenced by the electrical pulse packet on the head area 4 times per day during four days with the interval of 1.5-2 h. The duration of each packet was 0.5 s. The amplitude of the square-wave pulses within a packet was 6-8 mA, duration was 10 ms, and the frequency of the repetition was 50 Hz.…”

Section: Esr Spectra Of Tissues Of the Snails After The Formation Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At this training ah animal learns to increase the response on the stimulus earlier noneffective which follows after the application of strong stimulus in another area. One of such forros of nonassociative training of mollusks is the long-term sensitization which influences the defensive and food reflexes in different directions [23,24]. So lar the retationship between the forrnation of the long-term sensitization and the quantity of the NO synthesized by neurons has not been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ESR study of the nitric oxide production in tissues of animals under an external influence on the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems

et al. 2005

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Electron spin resonance (ESR) of the temary (DETC)2-Fe:*-NO complex has been applied to determine the nitric oxide production in tissues of rats and snails. A preliminary ESR study of the NO content in tissues of rats before and after artificially induced acute myocardial infarct was performed. The analysis of the obtained results shows that the nitric oxide production during the first hour after the moment of inducing myocardial infarct decreases. It is also demonstrated that ESR may be useful in the study of the influence of the long-term sensitization of snails on the nitric oxide production in their body. The changes in the NO production after the extemal influences in both cases are diseussed.

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The electrical characteristics of command and motor neurons during acquisition of a conditioned defensive reflex and formation of long-term sensitization in snails

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Storage and erasure of behavioural experiences at the single neuron level

Storage and erasure of behavioural experiences at the single neuron level

Responses of Withdrawal Interneurons to Serotonin Applications in Naïve and Learned Snails Are Different

ESR study of the nitric oxide production in tissues of animals under an external influence on the functioning of the cardiovascular and nervous systems

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