“…As the VRP problem is a classic and widely studied problem, it is not a special problem unique to battery swapping stations, and it has been combed in the third part in combination with the location problem, so this part will not repeat mention of the VRP literature. For a detailed literature review of VRP, please refer to [64,65].…”
The popularity of electric vehicles has been limited by factors such as range, long charging times and fast power failure in winter. In order to overcome these challenges, battery swapping stations (BSS) have been constructed and greatly promoted in recent years. In this paper, the related literature on electric vehicle service is reviewed and the co-occurrence of keywords is analyzed using CiteSpace. The literature is classified according to clustering results and recurring themes, such as the location of BSS, inventory decisions, charging strategies and BSS assignment. In each topic, typical optimization models and algorithms proposed in previous studies are summarized. Then, this paper gives a case about the business model and revenue capacity calculation of BSS. Finally, it points out the future research direction of battery swapping stations for electric vehicles.
“…As the VRP problem is a classic and widely studied problem, it is not a special problem unique to battery swapping stations, and it has been combed in the third part in combination with the location problem, so this part will not repeat mention of the VRP literature. For a detailed literature review of VRP, please refer to [64,65].…”
The popularity of electric vehicles has been limited by factors such as range, long charging times and fast power failure in winter. In order to overcome these challenges, battery swapping stations (BSS) have been constructed and greatly promoted in recent years. In this paper, the related literature on electric vehicle service is reviewed and the co-occurrence of keywords is analyzed using CiteSpace. The literature is classified according to clustering results and recurring themes, such as the location of BSS, inventory decisions, charging strategies and BSS assignment. In each topic, typical optimization models and algorithms proposed in previous studies are summarized. Then, this paper gives a case about the business model and revenue capacity calculation of BSS. Finally, it points out the future research direction of battery swapping stations for electric vehicles.
“…As an extension of the GVRP, the EVRP has been studied for many years, such as by Cru-Chávez et al [10] and Cattaruzza et al [11]. In the past ten years, with the popularity of EVs around the world, there has been a myriad of research carried out on the use of EVs in the field of the transportation system [12].…”
Section: Related Research On the Evrpmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…An example is depicted in Figure 2. The full solution S = (S 1 , S 2 ) for 2E-EVRPTW-BSS includes two parts, with S 1 = {(0,1,3,0), (0,2,0), (0,1,2,0)} and S 2 = {(1,5,16,6,7,1), (1,8,9,10,1), (2,11,12,18,13,2), (3,14,19,15,3)}.…”
Section: Solution Representation and Encodingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Constraints (11) and ( 19) specify lower bounds of the arrival time of two echelons. Constraint (12) requires that the arrival time of ICV at each satellite s should be earlier than t s . Constraint (14) guarantees that each customer can be serviced by an EV only once.…”
Driven by the new laws and regulations concerning the emission of greenhouse gases, it is becoming more and more popular for enterprises to adopt cleaner energy. This research proposes a novel two-echelon vehicle routing problem consisting of mixed vehicles considering battery swapping stations, which includes one depot, multiple satellites with unilateral time windows, and customers with given demands. The fossil fuel-based internal combustion vehicles are employed in the first echelon, while the electric vehicles are used in the second echelon. A mixed integer programming model for this proposed problem is established in which the total cost, including transportation cost, handling cost, fixed cost of two kinds of vehicles, and recharging cost, is minimized. Moreover, based on the variable neighborhood search, a metaheuristic procedure is developed to solve the problem. To validate its effectiveness, extensive numerical experiments are conducted over the randomly generated instances of different sizes. The computational results show that the proposed metaheuristic can produce a good logistics scheme with high efficiency.
“…Increasing EVs in circulation can reduce transport costs and the effects of greenhouse gas emissions, compared to fossil fuel powered engines in addition to strengthening electric mobility through the high penetration of renewable energy sources [18,19]. It has been reported that the efficiency of the EV is approximately three times greater, in terms of performance, compared to vehicles with an internal combustion engine (ICEVs) [1].…”
In order to gain a comprehensive view of electric vehicles (EVs) technologies and understand the emphasis of current research, this study evaluated the most relevant themes related to EVs through a bibliometric analysis using the keyword “electric vehicle” as the input. The Web of ScienceTM (WoS) database was used because it is considered ideal for bibliometric analysis. The VOSviewer software was adopted as a bibliometric analysis tool to visualize the networks of authors, countries, journals and keywords. The analysis carried out on 9 November 2021 retrieved a total of 29,304 documents in the period 2000 to 2021. The results show that in the last nine years the number of publications about EVs has grown significantly. The China is the leading nation in the field of EV research, contributing the largest number of publications in the world, with the main authors and research institutions involved. The journal Energies stands out as the main publishing periodical. Keyword analysis showed that studies on EVs in the last two decades have focused on themes related to energy management and storage, infrastructure and charging systems and environmental issues. The bibliometric analysis presented provides relevant information on the main themes studied about EVs and technological advances in development.
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