The Electric Energy Sector of Kazakhstan: State and Vision for the Country Taking Into Account the International Trends

Abstract

The main objective of this paper is the study of the modern state of the electric energy sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as the determination of some promising directions of the country in view of the global trend of the electric energy sector. The desk study, trend analysis, and literature review were used as the methods of the research. The conducted research allowed concluding that many factors had significant influence on a rapid change of the global energy sector and the way energy was produced and consumed as well (including the climate change, development of new sources of energy, application of innovative technologies). Nowadays, the electric energy sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan is facing a lot of intrinsic factors (including the need to modernize infrastructure), as well as the changes in global markets which require long-term planning and the environment for attracting new investments. It is necessary to take into account the global energy environment during the development of a growth strategy, including some changes in the dynamics and organization of the world production and demand in energy, development of renewable energy resources, and implementation of "smart" networks.

Energy-Use Inefficiency and Policy Governance in Central Asian Countries

“…The results suggest that the lack of policy governance is an influential factor that explains energy-use inefficiency in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. This outcome is consistent with the argument which points out the lower performance of energy policies in Mehta et al [22], Dyussembekova [23], and Gomez et al [24]. Thus, there would be enough room for Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan to improve their energy-use efficiencies by enhancing their performance of energy policies.…”

“…This study adopts the natural resource rents (nrr) and governance indicators (gov) as possible contributors. This is because the lower performance of energy policies has led to inefficient energy use, in particular in CA countries as shown in Mehta et al [22], Dyussembekova [23], and Gomez et al [24], while natural resource abundance is supposed to give less incentive to save energy and use energy efficiently. The energy policy performance is represented by the aforementioned four governance indicators.…”

“…Mehta et al [22] pointed out that the infrastructure in the Central Asian power sector, set up in the 1980s by the Soviet Union, is now outdated. Dyussembekova [23], focusing on the case of Kazakhstan, also examined the deterioration of its power system inherited from the Soviet Union and proposed strategic adjustments based on global trends such as changes in the structure of demand, the development of renewable energy sources, and digitalization of the power industry. Gomez et al [24], focusing on the case of Uzbekistan, analyzed the energy efficiency problem on both the supply and demand sides: the obsolescence of power generation plants and facilities on the supply side and the intensity of natural gas usage, particularly in the household sector, on the demand side.…”

International Economic Cooperation of Central Asian Countries on Energy Efficiency and Use of Renewable Energy Sources

“…One of the key issues in the economic development of the countries of the Central Asian region is the problem of energy efficiency and power industry (Dyussembekova et al, 2019). The region is one of the most energy-consuming regions in the world, and technical losses of energy resources reach 20% of the volume of electricity production (Akhmetshin et al, 2018).…”

Venture Financing and the Fuel and Energy Complex: Investing in Alternative Energy

“…Since startups with new technologies rarely have internal cash flow and are too risky to get debt financing, they are critically dependent on providing VC for their survival (Dudin et al, 2017;Dyussembekova et al, 2019;Kapranova et al, 2019).…”