The electric arc as a light source for quantitative spectroscopy

Olsen, H. N.

doi:10.1016/0022-4073(63)90015-3

Cited by 144 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The anode is perpendicular to the axis of the cathode and the plasma is rotationally symmetric about this axis. This configuration is selected for the resulting stability of the arc discharge and the reproducibility of plasma temperatures [ 14].…”

Section: Apparatus and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ionization on heat transfer to wires immersed in a highly thermallyionized plasma

Pétrie

Pfender

1972

Wärme- und Stoffübertragung

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Results obtained with a previously developed technique for measuring local heat transfer to bare and ceramic coated metal wires from a dense, highly thermallyionized plasma are presented and compared with theoretical predictions. A free-burning arc in argon at atmospheric pressure provides a plasma in local thermodynamic equilibrium. Wire probes are swept through this plasma in planes parallel to the anode. The wires do not draw a net current from the plasma. Experimental evidence indicates that the layer between the undisturbed plasma and the probe surface is not in chemical equilibrium. The data show that heat transfer . to the wire in this situation is dominated by the energy transport associated with electron and ion partial currents to the probe surface as determined by the potential of the probe with respect to the plasma. The data obtained using this technique provide an experimentally verified model for the heat transfer to wires immersed in a plasma over a wide range of plasma conditions including a 100 percent variation in the degree of ionization.

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Section: Apparatus and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ionization on heat transfer to wires immersed in a highly thermallyionized plasma

Pétrie

Pfender

1972

Wärme- und Stoffübertragung

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“…Both electrodes began with a 60 ° cone at the tip and it can be seen that the tungsten electrode ( Fig. 1) have a second, quasi-stable operating mode which also increases the life of the electrode [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physical changes in tungsten and thoriated tungsten electrodes after subsecond heating

1996

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s-t '.r,,ugsten and thoriated tungsten rods are commonly used as cathodes for arcs operating in argon. Thoriated tungsten electrodes (2 wt% thorium oxide) have significantly longer lifetimes than pure tungsten electrodes, though the reason for this is not well understood. Samples of both types of electrode were heated to the melting point of tungsten using a subsecond pulse heating technique. The samples were then examined using electron microscopy and X-ray analysis and the results compared with similar examinations of unheated electrodes. There were definite physical changes apparent in the shape of the thoria particles, but no evidence of any reduction of the thoria.

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“…From measured spectroscopic data, the plasma temperature can be determined using atomic line intensities, intensity ratios of two or more spectral lines, or the ratios of lineto-continuum intensities 4) . Among these methods, the FowlerMilne method 5) and two-lines relative intensity method have been used widely due to their precisions and stabilities. However, only few studies of GMAW processes by spectroscopic methods were reported 6,7) , because of their difficulties which are cause by rapid temporal variations, low reproducibility and the more complex gas mixture resulting from metal evaporation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic of Heat Source Characteristics in Gas Metal Arc Welding Using CO<sub>2</sub> Shielding Gas

Methong

Shigeta

Tanaka

et al. 2017

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY

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In this study, the heat source characteristics of arc plasma in GMAW using 100% CO2 shielding gas. In particular, arc temperature, Fe vapor concentration and electrical conductivity and metal droplet temperature of a YGW11 wire electrode were measured by optical emission spectroscopic methods. The plasma temperature reached over 8000 K at the center of the arc plasma. The droplet temperature near the arc root was higher than other areas.

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The electric arc as a light source for quantitative spectroscopy

Cited by 144 publications

References 42 publications

The effect of ionization on heat transfer to wires immersed in a highly thermallyionized plasma

The effect of ionization on heat transfer to wires immersed in a highly thermallyionized plasma

Physical changes in tungsten and thoriated tungsten electrodes after subsecond heating

Diagnostic of Heat Source Characteristics in Gas Metal Arc Welding Using CO<sub>2</sub> Shielding Gas

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