The eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale MMAS: Translation and validation of the Malaysian version

Abstract

Aims To translate and examine the psychometric properties of the Malaysian version of the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS) among patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods A standard “forward–backward” procedure was used to translate MMAS into Malay language. It was later validated on a convenience sample of 223 type 2 diabetes outpatients between May and September 2009. Reliability was tested for internal consistency. Validity was confirmed using convergent and known group validity. Results Employing the recommended scoring method, the mean ± SD of MMAS scores was 6.13 ± 1.72. Moderate internal consistency was found (Cronbach’s α = 0.675), the test–retest reliability value was 0.816 (p < 0.001). A positive correlation between the eight- and four-item MMAS was found (r = 0.792; p < 0.01). A significant relationship between MMAS categories and HbA1c categories (χ2 = 20.261; p ≥ 0.001) was found. The MMAS sensitivity and specificity, with positive and negative predictive values were 77.61%, 45.37%, 46.84% and 76.56%, respectively. Conclusions The findings of this validation study indicate that the Malaysian version of the MMAS is a reliable and valid measure of medication adherence which can now be used.

Validation of a French Version of the 8‐Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale in Hypertensive Adults

“…The moderate internal consistency reliability we found is similar to that of two other studies that validated Thai and Malay versions of the MMAS-8 in diabetes patients. 10,11 Test-retest reliability is correct for all the MMAS-8 translations. Contrary to Morisky and colleagues, 9 we did not find a significant link between adherence and BP control.…”

“…The MMAS-8 has been adapted in Thailand and Malaysia for diabetes patients 10,11 and in Sweden for human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. 12 However, no French version of the MMAS-8 has been validated to date.…”

Impact of Educational Sessions for Epileptic Children Mothers on Their knowledge, Adherence to Antiepileptic Drugs and Seizures Severity among their Children

“…It was 8 questions evaluating the mother"s forgetfulness, mother understanding of the need for continued therapy and whether the mother felt it was inconvenient adhering to a daily medication treatment plan. For questions from 1-7 categorized as yes (1) or no (0) while for 8 question, a score of one was given for "Never/Rarely" whereas a score of zero was given for "Once in a while" / "Sometimes" / "Usually" / "All the time. Mother who had a score of (0-2) was considered as adherent.…”

Oral ulcer activity in Behcet’s disease: Poor medication adherence is an underestimated risk factor

“…A lack of medication adherence leads to an increase in unnecessary visits, hospitalizations (2), and medication costs (3,4). Health policy makers aim to decrease these because of critical economic issues (1,(5)(6)(7)(8).…”