The Efficiency of Earmuffs Against Impulse Noise from Firearms

Ylikoski, Jukka; Pekkarinen, Jussi

doi:10.3109/14992028709042160

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Peak pressures of between 160 and 180 dB at the user's ear are common (Riihikangas et al, 1980). The beneficial effects of ear defenders are limited for a number of reasons: firstly, they do not protect well against low frequency impulse noise (Ylikoski et al, 1987); secondly, they may not attentuate sound as effectively in field conditions compared with the laboratory (Smoorenburg and Mimpen, 1982;Berger, 1983); and thirdly although issued, they are frequently not used (Riihikangas et al, 1980). The prevalence of acoustic trauma in servicemen is high.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Asymmetry of hearing loss after weapon noise exposure is well recognized. With rifle fire the ear facing the muzzle is exposed to peak pressures 2-4 dB higher than the other ear (Ylikoski et al, 1987). In right-handed persons shooting from the right shoulder the left ear is more severely damaged (McGill and Schuknecht, 1976;Ylikoski, 1989).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hearing loss associated with weapons noise exposure: when to investigate an asymmetrical loss

Cox¹,

Ford

1995

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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The air conduction thresholds in the right and left ears, and the interaural asymmetry of thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz were measured in a group of 225 soldiers exposed to a variety of weapon noise who were referred for assessment because of a deterioration in hearing on routine testing. At 0.5 and I kHz the threshold levels rarely exceeded 25 dB and the interaural asymmetry was 10 dB or less in 90 per cent of cases. The degree of hearing loss and interaural asymmetry increased as the frequency increased, with the average loss being significantly greater in the left ear at 2, 3, 4 and 6 kHz.Recommendations are made for the selection of cases of asymmetrical hearing loss exposed to weapon noise which require further investigation to exclude a retrocochlear cause or to define spurious hearing threshold levels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hearing loss associated with weapons noise exposure: when to investigate an asymmetrical loss

Cox¹,

Ford

1995

J. Laryngol. Otol.

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“…The number of shots from each weapon was adjusted with the equ al energy principle , the peak level of impul se noise from one pistol shot being used as the reference [ie, 154 (SD 2.6) dB] ( 1, 3, 17). The peak levels of different weapon s measured in earlier studies were used in the calculation (7, [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Calculation Of Total Number Of Shotsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged exposure to gunfire noise among professional soldiers.

Me¹

1994

Scand J Work Environ Health

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A questionnaire on noise exposure and use of hearing protectors was administered to a stratified random sample of 699 army officers (mean age 39.8 years) with an average of 18 years of exposure to shooting noise. For a comparison of the number of shots from different weapons, the peak sound pressure levels of shots were adjusted in relation to one pistol shot according to the equal energy principle. Total exposure time was estimated with the equal energy principle, the number of shots from different weapons, the energy levels of different shots, the effectiveness of hearing protection, and the distance from the noise source being taken into account. RK~ULTS -Rifles, shotguns, and pistols were the predominant exposure sources. Impulse noise exposure averaged 164 183 shots from different weapons. After adjustment to the energy level of one pistol shot, the average was 78 000 personally fired shots. The total shooting noise exposure averaged 218 000 adjusted shots. Translated into exposure to steady noise of 85 dB(A) for 40 h a week, the exposure to noise from personally fired shots equaled an exposure time of 22.0 years and the total exposure averaged 61.0 years. The heaviest exposure occurred during the first 10-15 years of the men' s careers. CONCLUSIONS -Exposure to gunfire noise among professional soldiers is high enough to cause severe hearing deterioration already at early career stages if effective hearing protectors are not worn at all times on shooting occasions.K EY TERMS -equal energy principle, hearing protection, impulse noise, military noise.

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“…Blast injury to the ear as a result of exposure to high sound-pressure-level impulses from weapon firing is among the causes of noise-induced hearing loss (1)(2)(3)(4)(5). Yet hardly any studies have been conducted to answer the important question whether these impulse noises have any traumatic effects on neurotransmitters or the enzymatic system in the inner ear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Impulse Noise on Cortical Response Threshold and Inner Ear Activity of Succinic Dehydrogenase and Acetylcholinesterase in Guinea Pigs

Zhai

1998

Acta Oto-Laryngologica

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The effects of impulse noise (firecrackers at 170 dB SPL, 1, 10, 20 rounds) on auditory cortical response threshold (CRT) and activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in the inner ear were studied in 37 guinea pigs. The results showed that extent of damage in the cochlea was related to amount of exposure to the noise. Exposure to 10 rounds resulted in temporal threshold shift (TTS); to 20 rounds the result was permanent threshold shift (PTS). For the period when TTS existed, inverse correlation was noticed between enzyme activity change and CRT shift. The correlation could not be established when PTS was induced. The results suggest that the pathomechanism of PTS was more complex than that of TTS. The significance of the results is discussed.

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The Efficiency of Earmuffs Against Impulse Noise from Firearms

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Hearing loss associated with weapons noise exposure: when to investigate an asymmetrical loss

Hearing loss associated with weapons noise exposure: when to investigate an asymmetrical loss

Prolonged exposure to gunfire noise among professional soldiers.

Effects of Impulse Noise on Cortical Response Threshold and Inner Ear Activity of Succinic Dehydrogenase and Acetylcholinesterase in Guinea Pigs

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