The efficiency and reliability of pollutant removal in a hybrid constructed wetland with giant miscanthus and Jerusalem artichoke in Poland

Reliability and Efficiency of Pollutant Removal in Four-Stage Constructed Wetland of SSVF-SSHF-SSHF-SSVF Type

“…The reliability levels we obtained were lower even than those recorded for single-stage constructed wetlands [3]. A clearly higher level of reliability of nitrogen removal treatment (32%) was obtained for a hybrid system by Marzec and colleagues [51,52]. However, compared to the wetland analyzed in this present article, the SSVF-SSHF plant they studied had a significantly lower reliability of total phosphorus removal treatment (28%).…”

“…Throughout the study period, wastewater discharged from the facility contained stable, low concentrations of BOD 5 , TSS and COD. Reports by other authors confirm that constructed wetlands provide a high degree of reliability with regard to the removal of organic pollutants [4,35,51,52]. The reliability of the SSVF-SSHF-SSHF-SSVF constructed wetland was higher than reliabilities reported for single-stage systems [3,4] and similar to those reported for two-stage systems [51,52].…”

“…Reports by other authors confirm that constructed wetlands provide a high degree of reliability with regard to the removal of organic pollutants [4,35,51,52]. The reliability of the SSVF-SSHF-SSHF-SSVF constructed wetland was higher than reliabilities reported for single-stage systems [3,4] and similar to those reported for two-stage systems [51,52]. In facilities using other technological solutions for wastewater treatment, such as activated sludge, a biological filter bed or a hybrid reactor, removal reliability levels for organic pollutants expressed by BOD 5 and COD ranged between 60 and 88% as well as 89 and 92%, respectively, and in some extreme cases were as low as 30% [33,84,85].…”

“…The first stage of purification (the reed bed) created favorable conditions for the biodegradation of organic pollutants and moderately good conditions for the removal of biogenic contaminants. Several factors may have affected those processes, among others the way the bed was fed with sewage, and determinants directly associated with it, such as the availability of oxygen, hydraulic load and pollutant load of the bed, as well as the plant species used [51,52]. In addition, cyclic dosing of wastewater to the SSVF bed with reed and the alternating occurrence of dry and wet periods may have significantly increased the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen and improved the conditions for the oxidation of organic pollutants and nitrification, as observed in previous research [53,54].…”

Efficiency of pollutant removal in a hybrid constructed wetland with Hedychiumcoronarium J. König: a sustainable alternative for poor communities

“…These design parameters displayed significant influence on hydraulic performance and negligible effect on treatment performance (Guo et al, 2019). In a study which investigated hybrid CWs, the system had organic and biogenic pollutant removal efficiencies like those obtained in systems using classic plant species such as reed and willow (MARZEC et al, 2019).…”