The efficacy of three double-microencapsulation methods for preservation of probiotic bacteria

Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are used as a probiotic alternative to antibiotics in livestock production. Microencapsulation technology is widely used for probiotic preservation. A variety of microencapsulation protocols have been proposed and compared based on chemicals and mechanical procedures. This study aimed to develop a double-encapsulated coating from alginate (1.5%) and chitosan (0.5%) by extrusion, emulsion, and spray drying methods using the LAB strains Lactobacillus plantarum strains 31F, 25F, 22F, Pediococcus pentosaceus 77F, and P. acidilactici 72N, and to monitor the basic probiotic properties of the encapsulated prototypes. The final products from each microencapsulation protocol were analysed for their appearance, probiotic properties and viable cell count. Using the spray drying method, particles smaller than 15 μm in diameter with a regular spherical shape were obtained, whereas the other methods produced larger (1.4–52 mm) and irregularly shaped microcapsules. After storage for 6 months at room temperature, the LAB viability of the spray-dried particles was the highest among the three methods. In all the LAB strains examined, the encapsulated LAB retained their probiotic properties in relation to acid-bile tolerance and antibacterial activity. This study highlights the efficacy of double-coating microencapsulation for preserving LAB properties and survival rate, and demonstrates its potential for probiotic application in livestock farms.

Microencapsulated probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and/or Pediococcus acidilactici strains ameliorate diarrhoea in piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

“…For example, they may secrete lactic acid, contributing to an acidic environment in the intestine, or produce bactericidal compounds, inhibiting the growth or adhesion of pathogenic bacteria. In previous in vitro investigations, cell-free supernatants of the live and microencapsulated forms of the three LAB strains used in this study have been shown to inhibit or kill ETEC strains 9 , 15 . In addition, LAB strains may compete for nutrients or binding sites on the epithelium and so prevent pathogen colonization 8 .…”

“…Probiotic cell suspensions were subjected to double-coating microencapsulation with alginate and chitosan using the spray drying process, as previously reported 15 . In brief, for inner capsulation, a 1.5% (w/v) alginate solution (Sigma-Aldrich) was prepared.…”

“…It is recommended that to be advantageous to pig health there should be at least 10 6 colony forming units (CFU) per g or mL of probiotic microbes in the gut 7 . Our previous research has established the effectiveness of double‐coating microencapsulation in preserving LAB properties and survival rates, as well as its potential for probiotic use in livestock farms 12 , 15 . Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of microencapsulated single-strain and multi-strain LAB against ETEC challenge in pigs post-weaning.…”

Characterization and Viability Prediction of Commercial Probiotic Supplements under Temperature and Concentration Conditioning Factors by NIR Spectroscopy

“…For instance, regarding probiotic manufacturing, testing of spry-dried LAB subjected to elevated growth temperatures showed that after heat treatment at 60°C, the survival of heat-adapted L. cremoris and L. rhamnosus GG increased by 0.7-1.5 and 0.3 log, respectively [25]. In an evaluation of the preservation of LAB probiotics using 3 double-microencapsulation methods, microencapsulated LAB subjected to the 3 methods showed better tolerance of high temperatures (60 °C for 60 min, 70°C for 30 min, and 80 and 100°C for 30 s) compared to free cells [26]. Moreover, from several strains, L. casei showed the highest alfa-galactosidase stability in a study that tested potential probiotics and corresponding alfa-galactosidase for bean products [27].…”

Oral delivery of Lactobacillus paracasei via microcapsule modulates gut health and intestinal microbiota

“…Thus, several techniques are reported to overcome these barriers, which enhance mucoadhesion properties and improve viability in the GI tract to increase colonization [19,20]. Microencapsulation has been recommended as a propitious solution to solve the issue regarding its viability and preservation [21][22][23].…”