The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Akanbi, Maxwell O; Carroll, Allison J.; Achenbach, Chad; O’Dwyer, Linda; Jordan, Neil; Hitsman, Brian; Bilaver, Lucy; McHugh, Megan; Murphy, Robert L.

doi:10.1111/add.14518

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The WHO estimated that there are 2 billion alcohol users, 1.3 billion tobacco users, and 185 million illicitdrug users worldwide [2]. Currently, 80% of tobacco users live in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) [3] and also, 80% of tobaccorelated deaths are predicted to occur in LMIC by 2030 [4]. Smoking and alcohol abuse attributable to 20% of tuberculosis (TB) disease worldwide and collectively made India a home of world's 27% of TB patients in 2017 [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Addiction in Bangladesh: “A Consequence of Social Demoralization Rather Than Individual Flaws”

Mohiuddin¹,

Trust²

2019

IJART

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Addiction is a maladaptive pattern of drug abuse including alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives, hypnotics and anxiolytics, stimulants, tobacco and others that persists despite negative consequences. An article of New England Journal of Medicine says "addiction is a disease of the brain" whereas another leading journal specifies "Genetics contributes significantly to vulnerability to this disorder". Neurological changes observed in long-term substance abusers are nearly identical to those seen in people struggling with obesity, porn aficionados, gamblers, internet "addicts", compulsive shoppers and simply those involved in intense romantic relationships. As with many other brain diseases, addiction has embedded behavioral and social-context aspects that are important parts of the disorder itself. An increased incidence of addiction is clearly a reflection of social demoralization. In countries like Bangladesh, people are easily demoralized because of social or peer influence. And widespread corruption, creating severe social injustices, various types of criminal activities is very common here. Issues of moral value declines in common people are expressed in many literatures. Frustration, unemployment, lack of recreation facilities and bad companionship are the epic reasons of drug addiction among youth in this country.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug Addiction in Bangladesh: “A Consequence of Social Demoralization Rather Than Individual Flaws”

Mohiuddin¹,

Trust²

2019

IJART

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“…It is desirable to know that smokers did not use this service because they were not aware of the service or they did not consider it helpful. A recent systematic review of randomised controlled trials showed that nicotine replacement therapy, behavioural counselling and brief advice are effective interventions in LMICs [ 30 ]. Nevertheless, implementing these interventions in healthcare settings remains a big challenge in many LMICs [ 31 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smoking behaviour among adult patients presenting to health facilities in four provinces of Vietnam

Huang¹,

Pham²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2021

BMC Public Health

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Background Attendance at healthcare facilities provides an opportunity for smoking cessation interventions. However, the smoking behaviours of patients seeking healthcare in Vietnam are not well-understood. We aimed to evaluate behaviours related to smoking among patients presenting to health facilities in Vietnam. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 4 provinces of Vietnam. Consecutive patients aged ≥15 years presenting to 46 health facilities were assessed. Current smokers were randomly selected to complete a full survey about smoking behaviour, quit attempts, and preparedness to quit. Results Among 11,245 patients who sought healthcare, the prevalence of current smoking was 18.6% (95% CI: 17.8–19.4%) overall, 34.6% (95% CI: 33.2–36.0%) among men and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.8–1.3%) among women. Current smokers who were asked about smoking by healthcare providers in the last 12 months were more likely to make quit attempts than those not asked (40.6% vs 31.8%, p = 0.017). Current smokers who attempted to quit in the past 12 months made limited use of cessation aids: counselling (1.9%) and nicotine replacement therapy (10%). A higher proportion of patients wanted to quit in the next month at national/provincial hospitals (30.3%) than those visiting district hospitals (11.3%, p < 0.001) and commune health centres (11.1%, p = 0.004). Conclusions Smoking is common among male patients presenting to healthcare facilities in Vietnam. Formal smoking cessation supports are generally not used or offered. This population is likely to benefit from routine smoking cessation interventions that are integrated within the routine healthcare delivery system.

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“…While TMR seems to be more cost-effective than OSR because of the low-intensity design, the intervention costs of the two groups were similar. The average costs per participant for recruitment and intervention delivery were low (US$21.6), suggesting a high applicability of our brief intervention models in places with limited health-care resources [30]. Caution is needed in interpreting the results from the post-hoc 18-month follow-up, as only half the participants were successfully interviewed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of simple active referrals of different intensities on smoking abstinence and smoking cessation services attendance: a cluster‐randomized clinical trial

Weng

Luk

Suen³

et al. 2020

Addiction

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Background and aims Proactive brief cessation advice by a lay counsellor combined with a referral to a smoking cessation service (active referral) is effective in increasing service use and quitting in community smokers. We compared the effect of two modified approaches to referrals on the cessation outcomes in community smokers. Design Three‐arm cluster‐randomized trial. Setting General community in Hong Kong. Participants Daily cigarette smokers (n = 1163; 77.7% male). Interventions Participants were randomized to receive on‐site active referral (OSR, n = 395), where lay counsellors helped participants make appointments with a smoking cessation service of their choice plus tailored reminders; mobile text messaging referral (TMR, n = 385), where participants were encouraged to use a smoking cessation service via text messages; or brief cessation advice only (control, n = 383). Measurements The primary outcome was a self‐reported 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence at 6 months post‐treatment initiation. Secondary outcomes included 7‐day point‐prevalence abstinence at 3 and 18 months, biochemically validated abstinence, smoking reduction and the use of cessation services at 3, 6 and 18 months. Findings Using intention‐to‐treat analysis, the OSR (17.7%) and TMR (17.1%) groups had significantly higher self‐reported abstinence than the control (12.0%) group at 6 months [odds ratio (OR) for OSR versus control = 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.06–2.36; OR for TMR versus control = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.01–2.28; both P < 0.05]. The corresponding validated abstinence rates at 6 months were 7.6, 7.8 and 3.9% (OR for TMR versus control = 2.02, 95% CI = 1.07–3.81; OR for TMR versus control = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.10–3.92; both P < 0.05). Self‐reported and validated abstinence were similar at 18 months. OSR groups had higher rates of smoking cessation service use than the control group at all follow‐ups (all P < 0.001). The smoking reduction rates were similar in continuing smokers. Conclusions Simple active referrals (in person or via text messaging) to smoking cessation services increased abstinence rates among smokers in Hong Kong compared with general brief cessation advice. On‐site active referral increased the use of smoking cessation services compared with general brief cessation advice.

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The efficacy of smoking cessation interventions in low‐ and middle‐income countries: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 58 publications

Drug Addiction in Bangladesh: “A Consequence of Social Demoralization Rather Than Individual Flaws”

Drug Addiction in Bangladesh: “A Consequence of Social Demoralization Rather Than Individual Flaws”

Smoking behaviour among adult patients presenting to health facilities in four provinces of Vietnam

Effects of simple active referrals of different intensities on smoking abstinence and smoking cessation services attendance: a cluster‐randomized clinical trial

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