The Efficacy of Play Therapy on ADHD, Anxiety and Social Maturity in 8 to 12 Years Aged Clientele Children of Ahwaz Metropolitan Counseling Clinics

Naderi, Fatemeh; Heidarie, Alireza; Bouron, L.; Asgari, Parviz

doi:10.3923/jas.2010.189.195

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The symptoms of ADD/ADHD could be alleviated by stimulant medications or some antidepressants, particularly, by novel non-stimulating drug atomoxetine [1,7,8]. Nonetheless, the medications are helpful in less than 60% of cases suggesting the necessity of the development of novel drugs for treatment of ADHD [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Atomoxetine on Behavior of Outbred Mice in the Enrichment Discrimination Test

Salimov¹,

Ковалев²

2013

JBBS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with medications is helpful in less than 60% of cases suggesting the necessity of development of novel drugs. The most accepted animal model of the disease is outbred spontaneously hypertensive rat strain. It was recently found in a novel enrichment discrimination test that the rat strain includes attentionally-low and -high phenotypes and clinically efficient drug for the treatment of the disorder atomoxetine is capable of ameliorating the enrichment discrimination by the attentionally-low rats. The present study aimed to test the generality of these findings in outbred CD-1 mice assessed in the same experimental design. The frequency distribution of the enrichment discrimination ratio differed from the curve expected under the normality hypothesis and had a bimodal shape suggesting the existence of attentionally-low and -high mouse phenotypes. Atomoxetine (3 mg/kg, orally, once daily for 4 days) selectively enhanced enrichment discrimination in mice of attentionally-low phenotype only. The present results generalize and extend findings previously reported in spontaneously hypertensive rats and suggest that the present model could be useful in studies of the neurobiological mechanisms of attention deficiency in rodents and for screening of novel drug candidates for treatment of attention deficit disorder.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Atomoxetine on Behavior of Outbred Mice in the Enrichment Discrimination Test

Salimov¹,

Ковалев²

2013

JBBS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The symptoms could be alleviated by psychostimulants or some antidepressants, particularly, by novel non-stimulating drug atomoxetine [1,5,6]. However, the medications are helpful in less than 60% of cases [6] requiring additional cognitive therapy and suggesting the necessity of development of novel drugs for treatment of ADHD [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enrichment Discrimination Behavior in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Salimov¹,

Ковалев²

2012

JBBS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: 1) To reveal, among spontaneously hypertensive rats, subpopulations that diverge in attention to objects enriching an empty cross-maze; 2) To evaluate effect of clinically efficient drug for treatment of attention deficiency atomoxetine on the attention to environmental cues in attentionally-low rats. Method: A novel paradigm that provides measure of attention towards enriching objects independent of general locomotor activity and spatial orientation is employed. The apparatus consists of 4-arm radial maze, two arms of which contain objects (enriched compartments). Animals exploring the objects typically stay longer in enriched parts of maze than in empty arms and have a higher score of enrichment discrimination ratio. Results: Frequency distribution of the enrichment discrimination ratio had clear bimodal shape that differed significantly from normal distribution suggesting the existence of subpopulations of attentionally-low and -high individuals. The attentionally-low phenotype did not show inferiority in spatial orientation as compared with attentionally-high phenotype. The phenotypes did not differ from each other in measures of locomotor activity and blood pressure. Atomoxetine (3 mg/kg, orally, once daily for 4 days) enhanced enrichment discrimination in animals of attentionally-low phenotype. Single administration of the drug was ineffective. Conclusion: Population of spontaneously hypertensive rat includes two phenotypes of attentionally-low and -high individuals. Subchronic atomoxetine ameliorates attention to environmental cues in attentionally-low rats. The enrichment discrimination test could be useful in studies of neurobiology of attention deficit condition and for screening of novel drug candidates.

show abstract

“…The decline of free outdoor play and increase in overscheduling and overdirecting of children's lives correlate with researchers' findings of high levels of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents (Gray, 2011;Twenge et al, 2010). Other researchers have found a negative correlation between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptomatology and free outdoor play (Kuo & Faber Taylor, 2004;Naderi, Heidarie, Bouron, & Asgari, 2010;Panksepp, 2007;Siviy, 2010). Considering that during the last three decades, schools in the United States have seen a severe reduction, and even elimination, of recess for students in schools Frost & Jacobs, 1995;Miller & Almon, 2009), it is important for counselors working with children to consider these emotional and social implications.…”

Section: Increased Psychopathologymentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Many counselors already know that play can serve as an informal diagnostic tool and as a effective therapeutic intervention (Blanco & Ray, 2011;Bratton, Ray, Rhine, & Jones, 2005;Moore & Russ, 2006;Naderi et al, 2010;Russ, 2004;Schaefer & Greenberg, 1997). However, there are many other ways that school counselors can support and advocate for play within the lives of their students.…”

Section: Fitting Play Into a Counseling Practicementioning

confidence: 92%