The efficacy of norepinephrine application in Mammotome-assisted minimally invasive resection for benign breast neoplasm: A retrospective study Running title：norepinephrine application in benign breast neoplasm

Abstract

Objective Although Mammotome-assisted minimally invasive resection (MAMIR) has been widely accepted for treating breast benign nodules, the procedure remains very technical and challenging. The present study aimed to assess the efficacy of norepinephrine application in MAMIR concerning intraoperative hemorrhage, postoperative pain and postoperative hospitalization. Methods A total of 306 patients with breast nodules admitted at the Xishan people’s Hospital of Wuxi City between June 2021 and July 2023 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes. Results A total of 155 who accepted MAMIR were included in this study. Univariable analysis indicated that bilateral nodules, operation time and intraoperative hemorrhage were risk factors for increasing postoperative hospitalization, while the usage of norepinephrine during operation helped to reduce postoperative hospitalization (P < 0.05), but none of them were independent factors influencing postoperative hospitalization according to the multivariable analysis (P > 0.05). Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified the usage of norepinephrine during MAMIR as an independent factor associated with reducing intraoperative hemorrhage (OR = 0.11, 95%CI: 0.05–0.26, P < 0.001) and relieving postoperative pain (OR = 0.02, 95%CI: 0.004–0.08, P < 0.001). Conclusions Norepinephrine could help to reduce postoperative hospitalization and intraoperative hemorrhage, also relieve postoperative pain for breast benign nodules resection, which was an independent protective factor for relieving postoperative pain and reducing intraoperative hemorrhage.