The efficacy of Life Review Therapy combined with Memory Specificity Training (LRT-MST) targeting cancer patients in palliative care: A randomized controlled trial

Kleijn, Gitta; Lissenberg‐Witte, Birgit I.; Bohlmeijer, Ernst Thomas; Steunenberg, Bas; Knipscheer-Kuijpers, Kitty; Willemsen, Vincent; Becker, Annemarie; Smit, Egbert F.; Eeltink, Corien; Bruynzeel, A.; Vorst, Maurice van der; Bree, Remco de; Leemans, C. René; Brekel, Michiel W. M. van den; Cuijpers, Pim; Leeuw, Irma M. Verdonck‐de

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0197277

Cited by 31 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…These findings are in line with the observations of Best et al (2015), that transcendence of the suffering in cancer is attained by means of a spiritual re-evaluation, leading to spiritual growth, wellbeing, peace, and inner harmony (Best et al 2015), or with more general observations that spiritual interventions may improve psycho-spiritual well-being (Bauereiß et al 2018;Park et al 2015;Xing et al 2018). These findings are, moreover, in line with the results of previous studies on the effect of life review interventions on ego integrity (Kleijn et al 2018;Pinquart and Simon 2012;Westerhof et al 2010). These findings also support our expectation that a spiritual life review intervention may not only lead to ego integrity, but also to spiritual growth and psycho-spiritual wellbeing.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Life review interventions have been shown to be beneficial for existential wellbeing (Bauereiß et al 2018), and have been demonstrated to lead to ego integrity; the integration of positive and negative memories into a meaningful entirety, resulting in a positive acceptance of one's own life (Kleijn et al 2018;Pinquart and Simon 2012). Ego integrity is often associated with meaning and meaning making (Westerhof et al 2010).…”

Section: Spiritual Life Review As a Tool For Spiritual Re-evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcending the Suffering in Cancer: Impact of a Spiritual Life Review Intervention on Spiritual Re-Evaluation, Spiritual Growth and Psycho-Spiritual Wellbeing

2020

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In the confrontation with cancer, spiritual re-evaluation may help people to transform all-encompassing suffering into spiritual growth and psycho-spiritual wellbeing. The aim of this study was to examine whether spiritual life review (SLR), a semi-structured group narrative intervention that supports people with cancer to write and present their spiritual life story, is effective for the improvement of spiritual re-evaluation, spiritual growth, and psycho-spiritual wellbeing. In this mixed methods study, 57 cancer patients participated. Quantitative data were collected by means of patient reported outcomes (SAIL, Dutch Ryff, and NEIS) at baseline, post-intervention, and three and nine months follow-up (44 participants completed up to 9 months post-intervention). Changes over time were assessed via linear mixed model analysis (LMM). Qualitative data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews with 33 participants nine months post-intervention, and were coded in a two-stage process. Participating in SLR facilitated spiritual re-evaluation, and improved the course of spiritual growth, psycho-spiritual wellbeing, and ego-integrity. This study provides evidence that SLR is likely to improve spiritual re-evaluation, spiritual growth, and psycho-spiritual wellbeing after confrontation with cancer; it also suggests the importance of self-affirmation and ego-integrity for spirituality; and underscores the relevance of narrative spiritual interventions in the oncology setting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Spiritual Life Review As a Tool For Spiritual Re-evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcending the Suffering in Cancer: Impact of a Spiritual Life Review Intervention on Spiritual Re-Evaluation, Spiritual Growth and Psycho-Spiritual Wellbeing

2020

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“…Results of the RCT investigating LRT-MST in cancer patients in palliative care showed that the course of ego-integrity improved significantly over time in the intervention group compared to a control group who received care as usual [6]. However, the effect size in this study was moderate, indicating that not all patients benefitted from the intervention.…”

Section: Introductioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…In a recent randomized controlled trial (RCT), we examined the efficacy of an intervention, BDear Memories^ [5], that focuses on retrieving positive memories among palliative cancer patients [6]. The intervention combines life review therapy (LRT) with memory specificity training (MST).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butler [7] defined life review as Bthe progressive return to consciousness of prior experiences, which can be re-evaluated with the intention of resolving and integrating past conflicts, thereby providing new significance to one's life.^A life review intervention aims to integrate positive and negative life events in a coherent life story and into a meaningful whole. This may lead to a greater experience of ego-integrity, which is described as accepting your life cycle as something that had to be, feeling connected to others, and experiencing a sense of wholeness, meaning, and coherence when facing death [6,8]. LRT is a structured variant of reminiscence (recalling memories from the past) and refers to the use of life review in psychotherapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patients’ experiences of life review therapy combined with memory specificity training (LRT-MST) targeting cancer patients in palliative care

Kleijn

Uden–Kraan

Bohlmeijer

et al. 2019

Support Care Cancer

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Purpose Life review therapy combined with memory specificity training (LRT-MST) is effective in cancer patients in palliative care, but the effect size is moderate. The aim of this qualitative study was to obtain more in-depth knowledge on motivation to start with LRT-MST, experiences with LRT-MST, and perceived outcomes of LRT-MST. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 cancer patients in palliative care who participated in a randomized controlled trial investigating the effect of LRT-MST. All interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed by means of thematic analysis independently by two coders and coded into key issues and themes. Results Patients started LRT-MST for intrinsic (e.g., potential benefit for personal well-being) and extrinsic reasons (e.g., potential benefit for future patients). Patients indicated mainly positive experiences with the intervention. They appreciated sharing their memories and regaining memories with a specific focus on retrieving positive memories. Some disliked the fact that negative memories could not be addressed. Most patients perceived positive outcomes of the intervention belonging to the overarching themes Bego-integrity^and Bpsychological well-being^in the here and now, as well as in the nearby future (including end-of-life). Conclusions LRT-MST is of added value as a psychological intervention in palliative care. This study provided in-depth insight into reasons to start the intervention, and the experiences and outcomes, which are important to further tailor LRT-MST and for development or improvement of other psychological interventions targeting cancer patients in palliative care.

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Psychotherapies for depression: a network meta‐analysis covering efficacy, acceptability and long‐term outcomes of all main treatment types

et al. 2021

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The effects of psychotherapies for depression have been examined in several hundreds of randomized trials, but no recent network meta‐analysis (NMA) has integrated the results of these studies. We conducted an NMA of trials comparing cognitive behavioural, interpersonal, psychodynamic, problem‐solving, behavioural activation, life‐review and “third wave” therapies and non‐directive supportive counseling with each other and with care‐as‐usual, waiting list and pill placebo control conditions. Response (50% reduction in symptoms) was the primary outcome, but we also assessed remission, standardized mean difference, and acceptability (all‐cause dropout rate). Random‐effects pairwise and network meta‐analyses were conducted on 331 randomized trials with 34,285 patients. All therapies were more efficacious than care‐as‐usual and waiting list control conditions, and all therapies – except non‐directive supportive counseling and psychodynamic therapy – were more efficacious than pill placebo. Standardized mean differences compared with care‐as‐usual ranged from –0.81 for life‐review therapy to –0.32 for non‐directive supportive counseling. Individual psychotherapies did not differ significantly from each other, with the only exception of non‐directive supportive counseling, which was less efficacious than all other therapies. The results were similar when only studies with low risk of bias were included. Most therapies still had significant effects at 12‐month follow‐up compared to care‐as‐usual, and problem‐solving therapy was found to have a somewhat higher long‐term efficacy than some other therapies. No consistent differences in acceptability were found. Our conclusion is that the most important types of psychotherapy are efficacious and acceptable in the acute treatment of adult depression, with few significant differences between them. Patient preference and availability of each treatment type may play a larger role in the choice between types of psychotherapy, although it is possible that a more detailed characterization of patients with a diagnosis of depression may lead to a more precise matching between individual patients and individual psychotherapies.

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The efficacy of Life Review Therapy combined with Memory Specificity Training (LRT-MST) targeting cancer patients in palliative care: A randomized controlled trial

Cited by 31 publications

References 40 publications

Transcending the Suffering in Cancer: Impact of a Spiritual Life Review Intervention on Spiritual Re-Evaluation, Spiritual Growth and Psycho-Spiritual Wellbeing

Transcending the Suffering in Cancer: Impact of a Spiritual Life Review Intervention on Spiritual Re-Evaluation, Spiritual Growth and Psycho-Spiritual Wellbeing

Patients’ experiences of life review therapy combined with memory specificity training (LRT-MST) targeting cancer patients in palliative care

Psychotherapies for depression: a network meta‐analysis covering efficacy, acceptability and long‐term outcomes of all main treatment types

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