The efficacy of graded motor imagery in post-traumatic stiffness of elbow: a randomized controlled trial

Birinci, Tansu; Mutlu, Ebru Kaya; Altun, Süleyman

doi:10.1016/j.jse.2022.05.031

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…While it has been shown in a few studies that motor imagery does not cause significant improvements in ROM in TKA rehabilitation [ 7 , 40 ], another study showed positive effects in flexion ROM [ 8 ]. Randomized controlled studies have shown that GMI improves ROM in wrist, shoulder, and elbow pathologies [ 15 , 19 , 41 ]. The results of a systematic review stated that the limited effect of motor imagery on ROM in the acute period may be related to biomechanical changes such as fear of movement or edema of the tissues around the joint [ 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are limited and conflicting results regarding the effects of GMI on muscle strength after orthopedic surgeries. It produced effective results compared to traditional rehabilitation after elbow fracture surgery [ 19 ]. However, there was no change after distal radius fracture surgery [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Orthopedic patients without any cognitive problems can benefit from motor imagery-based mental exercise techniques at the maximum level [ 6 ]. GMI added to the rehabilitation program in individuals who have undergone lumbar surgery and fracture surgery has shown significant contributions to recovery [ 15 , 17 – 19 ]. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of the GMI program added to rehabilitation in the early period after TKA surgery on pain, functional performance, motor imagery skills, and kinesiophobia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of graded motor imagery training on pain, functional performance, motor imagery skills, and kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty: randomized controlled trial

Candiri,

Talu,

Guner

et al. 2023

Korean J Pain

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Background: The aim was to investigate the effect of graded motor imagery (GMI) added to rehabilitation on pain, functional performance, motor imagery ability, and kinesiophobia in individuals with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: Individuals scheduled for unilateral TKA were randomized to one of two groups: control (traditional rehabilitation, n = 9) and GMI (traditional rehabilitation + GMI, n = 9) groups. The primary outcome measures were the visual analogue scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Secondary outcome measures were knee range of motion, muscle strength, the timed up and go test, mental chronometer, Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3, lateralization performance, Central Sensitization Inventory, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale. Evaluations were made before and 6 weeks after surgery. Results: Activity and resting pain were significantly reduced in the GMI group compared to the control group (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 scores and accuracy of lateralization performance also showed significant improvement (P = 0.037 and P = 0.015, respectively). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale and Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale scores were also significantly decreased in the GMI group compared to the control group (P = 0.039 and P = 0.009, respectively). However, GMI did not differ significantly in WOMAC scores, range of motion, muscle strength, timed up and go test and Central Sensitization Inventory scores compared to the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: GMI improved pain, motor imagery ability, pain catastrophizing, and kinesiophobia in the acute period after TKA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of graded motor imagery training on pain, functional performance, motor imagery skills, and kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty: randomized controlled trial

Candiri,

Talu,

Guner

et al. 2023

Korean J Pain

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“…Posttraumatic elbow stiffness remains a challenge to address. In a randomized controlled trial on patients with posttraumatic elbow stiffness, Birinci et al 35 compared the clinical results between a graded motor imagery motor-cognitive intervention program (25 patients) and a standard physical therapy program including elbow range of motion, stretching, and strengthening exercises (25 patients). The authors found significantly better results with the graded motor imagery group than with the standard physical therapy program for several outcomes, including the DASH score, active elbow flexion and extension, elbow flexion and extension muscle strength, pain with activity, fear of movement-related pain, and recognition accuracy and response time of the hand on the involved side.…”

Section: Elbowmentioning

confidence: 99%

What’s New in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

Kim,

Hsu,

Ricchetti

2023

Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery

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“… 5 , 6 Graded motor imagery has shown success in reducing other types of chronic pain and restoring function. 7 – 13 Traditional graded motor imagery protocol includes the three phases of (1) left/right discrimination of limbs or limb laterality, (2) explicit motor imagery, and (3) mirror therapy. 6 In limb laterality, patients are shown images of limbs in different orientations and asked to judge whether the image depicts a left or a right limb.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graded motor imagery and its phases for individuals with phantom limb pain following amputation: A scoping review

Falbo,

Phelan,

Hackman

et al. 2023

Clin Rehabil

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Objective Three-phase graded motor imagery (limb laterality, explicit motor imagery, and mirror therapy) has been successful in chronic pain populations. However, when applied to phantom limb pain, an amputation-related pain, investigations often use mirror therapy alone. We aimed to explore evidence for graded motor imagery and its phases to treat phantom limb pain. Data Sources A scoping review was conducted following the JBI Manual of Synthesis and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Thirteen databases, registers, and websites were searched. Review Methods Published works on any date prior to the search (August 2023) were included that involved one or more graded motor imagery phases for participants ages 18+ with amputation and phantom limb pain. Extracted data included study characteristics, participant demographics, treatment characteristics, and outcomes. Results Sixty-one works were included representing 19 countries. Most were uncontrolled studies (31%). Many participants were male (75%) and had unilateral amputations (90%) of varying levels, causes, and duration. Most works examined one treatment phase (92%), most often mirror therapy (84%). Few works (3%) reported three-phase intervention. Dosing was inconsistent across studies. The most measured outcome was pain intensity (95%). Conclusion Despite the success of three-phase graded motor imagery in other pain populations, phantom limb pain research focuses on mirror therapy, largely ignoring other phases. Participant demographics varied, making comparisons difficult. Future work should evaluate graded motor imagery effects and indicators of patient success. The represented countries indicate that graded motor imagery phases are implemented internationally, so future work could have a widespread impact.

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The efficacy of graded motor imagery in post-traumatic stiffness of elbow: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

The effect of graded motor imagery training on pain, functional performance, motor imagery skills, and kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty: randomized controlled trial

The effect of graded motor imagery training on pain, functional performance, motor imagery skills, and kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty: randomized controlled trial

What’s New in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

Graded motor imagery and its phases for individuals with phantom limb pain following amputation: A scoping review

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