The efficacy of GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 to detect changes in gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP): a literature review

Alotaibi, Madawi; Long, Toby; Kennedy, Elizabeth; Bavishi, Siddhi

doi:10.3109/09638288.2013.805820

Cited by 145 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…30 However, the GMFM-66 is much less useful when scoring children with a severe disability. 31 Therefore, both the GMFM-66 and GMFM-88 were used to assess gross motor function in this study.…”

Section: ) Measurement Methods (1) Gross Motor Functional Classificatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Gross Motor Capacity and Neuromusculoskeletal Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy after Short-Term Intensive Therapy

Kim

2018

J Kor Phys Ther

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Purpose: To investigate the relationship between gross motor capacity and neuromuscular function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) through a short-term intensive intervention. Methods: Twenty-four children younger than 6 years of age (17 boys, 7 girls, mean age± standard deviation, 42.71±14.43 months) who were diagnosed with CP underwent short-term intensive treatment for 8 weeks. An evaluation of gross motor function capacity using the gross motor function measure (GMFM-66 and GMFM-88) was performed to measure muscle strength, selective motor control (SMC), and spasticity, factors related to neuromusculoskeletal function. Changes in spasticity, strength, range of motion, selective motor function, and exercise intensity scores were evaluated in terms of the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) and ages. Results: The GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 scores significantly increased, by 4.32±4.04 and 2.41±1.51%, respectively, following the 8-week intervention. The change in the GMFM-66 score did not reflect a statistically significant difference in the GMFCS level. However, there was a statistically significant difference in the GMFM-88 score change in individuals at GMFCS Level III, the strength and spasticity of subjects at GMFCS Levels I-II did not significantly differ (p< 0.05). The changes in the GMFM-66 scores for strength, SMC, range of motion (ROM), and spasticity significantly differed according to age (p< 0.05) in children aged 36 months and older. Overall, there was a statistically significant difference in strength, SMC, and spasticity (p< 0.05) before and after intensive short-term treatment. Conclusion: The 8-week short-term intensive care intervention improved the motor function score of study participants, emphasizing the need for early intervention and additional research in this area. restricting free/voluntary coordinated movement. 5 Ballaz et al. 6 suggested that the ROM of the knee during bending, the bending motion, and the ankle joint motion are important kinematic factors This is an Open Access article distribute under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License (Http:// creativecommons.org/license/by-nc/4.0.) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution,and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. J Kor Phys Ther 2018:30(3):90-95

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Section: ) Measurement Methods (1) Gross Motor Functional Classificatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between Gross Motor Capacity and Neuromusculoskeletal Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy after Short-Term Intensive Therapy

Kim

2018

J Kor Phys Ther

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“…Measurements of gross motor functions were performed using the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) and Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), and were obtained at the start and end of the course. GMFM-88 is a reliable tool to detect changes in gross motor function in children with CP (10). The GMFCS is validated and reliable tool that categorizes individuals with CP into one of 5 levels based on each child's motor function, from I (mildly affected) to V (severely affected) (1112).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Influencing the Gross Motor Outcome of Intensive Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Delay

Hong

Kim

et al. 2017

J Korean Med Sci

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The study was designed to identify factors influencing the short term effect of intensive therapy on gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy or developmental delay. Retrospectively, total Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) scores measured during the first and last weeks of intensive therapy were analyzed (n = 103). Good and poor responder groups were defined as those in the top and bottom 25% in terms of score difference, respectively. The GMFM-88 score increased to 4.67 ± 3.93 after 8 weeks of intensive therapy (P < 0.001). Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level (I–II vs. IV–V; odds ratio [OR] = 7.763, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.177–27.682, P = 0.002) was a significant factor in a good response to therapy. Age (≥ 36 months; OR = 2.737, 95% CI = 1.003–7.471, P = 0.049) and GMFCS level (I–II vs. IV–V; OR = 0.189, 95% CI = 0.057–0.630, P = 0.007; and III vs. IV–V; OR = 0.095, 95% CI = 0.011–0.785, P = 0.029) were significantly associated with a poor response. GMFCS level is the most important prognostic factor for the effect of intensive therapy on gross motor function. In addition, age ≥ 36 months, is associated with a poor outcome.

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“…The GMFM is a reliable scale for the quantitative evaluation of gross motor function and is widely used to assess the effectiveness of interventions in children with CP. 6,43 The FMFM scale was developed to assess the fine motor functions of young children with CP. [33][34][35] As for intellectual evaluation, a revised GDS (covering adaptive, language and social areas) was used in this present study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of motor and intellectual functions on the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation in young children with cerebral palsy

Zhang

Jia

et al. 2014

J Int Med Res

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The efficacy of GMFM-88 and GMFM-66 to detect changes in gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP): a literature review

Cited by 145 publications

References 49 publications

Relationships between Gross Motor Capacity and Neuromusculoskeletal Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy after Short-Term Intensive Therapy

Relationships between Gross Motor Capacity and Neuromusculoskeletal Function in Children with Cerebral Palsy after Short-Term Intensive Therapy

Factors Influencing the Gross Motor Outcome of Intensive Therapy in Children with Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Delay

The effects of motor and intellectual functions on the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation in young children with cerebral palsy

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