The Efficacy of Ginseng-Related Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Gui, Qifeng; Xu, Zhu-An; Xu, Keying; Yang, Yunmei

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000002584

Cited by 94 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In a study addressing the effect of dosage on the metabolic response to vegetables added to a mixed lunch meal, it was found that the larger the carrot portion, the lower the glucose and insulin/C‐peptide responses and the higher the satiety scores (Gustafsson et al ., ), which may suggest that the large carrot meals could provide sufficient falcarinol to exert this effect. A benefit of ginseng supplementation in improving glucose control and insulin sensitivity in patients with T2DM or impaired glucose intolerance has been concluded from a recent meta‐analysis (Gui et al ., ). Although these data are promising, there is not yet any mechanistic in vivo evidence that this negative dietary mechanism on CB 1 receptor signalling exists.…”

Section: Diet‐induced Shifting Of the Cb1/cb2 Receptor Activation Ratio?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Cannabimimetic phytochemicals in the diet – an evolutionary link to food selection and metabolic stress adaptation?

Gertsch

2017

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a major lipid signalling network that plays important pro-homeostatic (allostatic) roles not only in the nervous system but also in peripheral organs. There is increasing evidence that there is a dietary component in the modulation of the ECS. Cannabinoid receptors in hominids co-evolved with diet, and the ECS constitutes a feedback loop for food selection and energy metabolism. Here, it is postulated that the mismatch of ancient lipid genes of hunter-gatherers and pastoralists with the high-carbohydrate diet introduced by agriculture could be compensated for via dietary modulation of the ECS. In addition to the fatty acid precursors of endocannabinoids, the potential role of dietary cannabimimetic phytochemicals in agriculturist nutrition is discussed. Dietary secondary metabolites from vegetables and spices able to enhance the activity of cannabinoid-type 2 (CB 2 ) receptors may provide adaptive metabolic advantages and counteract inflammation. In contrast, chronic CB 1 receptor activation in hedonic obese individuals may enhance pathophysiological processes related to hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, hepatorenal inflammation and cardiometabolic risk. Food able to modulate the CB 1 /CB 2 receptor activation ratio may thus play a role in the nutrition transition of Western high-calorie diets. In this review, the interplay between diet and the ECS is highlighted from an evolutionary perspective. The emerging potential of cannabimimetic food as a nutraceutical strategy is critically discussed. LINKED ARTICLESThis article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc Abbreviations 2-AG, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol; AA, arachidonic acid; AEA, N-arachidonoylethanolamine, anandamide; apoE, apolipoprotein E; BAT, brown adipose tissue; BCP, β-caryophyllene; CNR1, gene encoding CB 1 receptors; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; DIM, 3,3 0 -diindolylmethane; EC, endocannabinoid; ECS, endocannabinoid system; EPA, eicosapentanoic acid; FAAH, fatty acid amide hydrolase; NAE, N-acylethanolamine; PEA, palmitoylethanolamide; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; T2DM, diabetes mellitus type 2; THC, Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol; TRPV1, transient re- The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an ancient panorgan eicosanoid signalling network in which arachidonic acid (AA) derived lipids act in concert with particular receptors and enzymes resulting in the complex modulation of numerous central and peripheral physiological and pathophysiological processes (Pertwee, 2005(Pertwee, , 2009Di Marzo, 2008a;Pacher and Mechoulam, 2011;DiPatrizio and Piomelli, 2015). The ECS comprises classical GPCR cannabinoid receptors (CB 1 and CB 2 ) and potentially also the orphan receptor GPR55 (Pertwee, 2007;Ryberg et al., 2007), which are differentially activated by the endocannabinoids (ECs) 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) and N-arachidonoylethanolamine ...

show abstract

Section: Diet‐induced Shifting Of the Cb1/cb2 Receptor Activation Ratio?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Cannabimimetic phytochemicals in the diet – an evolutionary link to food selection and metabolic stress adaptation?

Gertsch

2017

British J Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Much work is needed in this field to establish whether such treatments are not only safe but also efficacious. Two of the most common natural medicines utilized for the prevention and treatment of excess weight and type 2 diabetes are fibres and herbal products such as ginseng …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the most common natural medicines utilized for the prevention and treatment of excess weight and type 2 diabetes are fibres and herbal products such as ginseng. [7][8][9][10] Dietary fibres are widely promoted as a useful component of a healthy diet for weight loss and weight control as they increase feelings of satiety after ingestion and add bulk to foods without contributing to energy content, thus displacing other, more energy-dense macronutrients. 9 Fibres also bind dietary fat in the intestine and prevent its absorption; however, the fat-binding capacity of most fibres is small and has a negligible effect on overall energy absorption.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of alpha‐cyclodextrin on cholesterol control and Compound K on glycaemic control in people with pre‐diabetes: Protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary The prevalence of pre‐diabetes and of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing. Preventing disease progression is important to improve outcomes. Natural products are becoming popular alternatives to pharmaceutical products for preventative health and treatment of disease; however, the evidence to support the use of natural alternatives for pre‐diabetes and type 2 diabetes is lacking. Two such natural medicines include alpha‐cyclodextrin (marketed as FBCx), a fibre derived from corn starch that has been found to bind triglycerides in the intestines to prevent its absorption, aiding weight maintenance and lipid control, and hydrolysed ginseng extract (marketed as GINST15), a formula containing high amounts of Compound K, a metabolite of ginsenosides thought to be an active ingredient contributing to the anti‐hyperglycaemic effects of ginseng. This paper describes the rationale and design of a 12‐month randomized controlled trial to investigate the metabolic effects of these two products in people with pre‐diabetes and overweight or obesity. A total of 400 participants will be randomized to one of four groups (FBCx + GINST15, FBCx + placebo, placebo + GINST15, placebo + placebo) for 6 months, followed by 6 months of follow‐up. Participants will also receive lifestyle advice for healthy eating and weight loss. Data collected during the trial will include weight, waist circumference, body composition and blood pressure. Blood samples will also be collected to measure lipid profile and glycaemia. If the products are found to improve lipid and glucose levels, it will provide evidence for their use in people with pre‐diabetes to help reduce the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.

show abstract

“…improved fasting glucose and post prandial insulin levels were observed when ginseng was 208 administered alone [85].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytotherapy in the Management of Diabetes: A Review

Governa¹,

Baini²,

Borgonetti³

et al. 2017

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The Efficacy of Ginseng-Related Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract: Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text

Cited by 94 publications

References 31 publications

Cannabimimetic phytochemicals in the diet – an evolutionary link to food selection and metabolic stress adaptation?

Cannabimimetic phytochemicals in the diet – an evolutionary link to food selection and metabolic stress adaptation?

Effects of alpha‐cyclodextrin on cholesterol control and Compound K on glycaemic control in people with pre‐diabetes: Protocol for a Phase III randomized controlled trial

Phytotherapy in the Management of Diabetes: A Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About