The Efficacy of Ginseng (Panax) on Human Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Results from different clinical trials on the effects of ginseng on prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are still inconsistent. To fill this knowledge gap, we investigated the overall effects of ginseng supplementation on improving cardiometabolic biomarkers among these patients. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane library. A random-effect model was applied to estimate the weighted mean difference and 95% CI for each outcome. Overall, 20 eligible RCTs were included. Meta-analyses revealed that ginseng supplementation significantly reduced serum concentration of FPG, TC, IL-6, and HOMA-IR values. It also increased HR and TNF-α levels. Ginseng supplementation changed HOMA-IR and HDL-C significantly based on dose and changed HOMA-IR and LDL-C significantly based on study duration in a non-linear fashion. Furthermore, meta-regression analyses indicated a linear relationship between ginseng dose and absolute changes in HDL-C. Moreover, subgroup analyses showed that ginseng supplementation changed TC and LDL-C when the supplementation dose was ≥2 g/day. Our findings suggest that ginseng supplementation may be an effective strategy for improving cardiometabolic profiles in individuals with prediabetes and T2DM.

Nigella sativa supplementation improves cardiometabolic indicators in population with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

“…Many functional plants and their bioactive components have been demonstrated to possess anti-diabetic effects, such as tea ( 49 ), sweet tea ( 50 ), ginseng ( 29 ), citrus ( 51 ), pomegranate peel ( 52 ), and some medicinal plants ( 53 ). The present meta-analysis investigated the effectiveness of N. sativa consumption on cardiometabolic indicators among individuals with prediabetes and T2DM.…”

“…Heterogeneity was determined by the I 2 statistic and Cochrane's Q test. I 2 -value > 50% or P < 0.05 for the Q -test was characterized as significant between-study heterogeneity ( 29 , 30 ). We used a random-effects model that considers the study variations to determine the overall effect sizes.…”

Ginseng and health outcomes: an umbrella review

“…Frontiers in Pharmacology frontiersin.org Ghavami et al, 2020;Miraghajani et al, 2020;Lee et al, 2021;Sha'ari et al, 2021;Ikeuchi et al, 2022;Lee et al, 2022;Luo and Huang, 2022;Naseri et al, 2022;Park et al, 2022;Zhu et al, 2022), whereas two focused on eligible combinations (such as with usual medication) (Duan et al, 2018;Zhu et al, 2021). Most studies reported the type of ginseng, which mainly included Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and red ginseng.…”

Effects and mechanisms of anti-diabetic dietary natural products: an updated review

“…6 T2D is caused mainly due to pancreatic β cell dysfunction or insulin resistance, accounting for the majority of diabetes. 7 GD is the diabetes that occurs or is first diagnosed during pregnancy. 8 Besides, prediabetes has also attracted increasing attention, and is characterised by impaired glucose tolerance and is more likely to develop into T2D in the future.…”