The efficacy of family history, genetic risk score and physical activity in distinguishing type 2 diabetes prevalence

Abstract

related to obesity and insulin resistance. The exact pathogenesis of T2D is still unclear; however, it is known that both environmental and genetic factors are involved. The rapid development of genome-wide association studies in the last decade has facilitated the identification of more than 100 susceptibility loci for T2D. 2 These discoveries resulted in dissemination of the genetic risk scores (GRSs), combining information from multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) into a summary measure of a genetic risk, as a tool for identifying INTRODUCTION Diabetes, called the epidemic of the 21st century, is one of the major health challenges in modern medicine. According to current estimates, the number of people affected by this disease reaches 425 million worldwide, and it is expected to increase to 629 million by 2045. 1 The International Diabetes Federation reported that diabetes is among the top 10 causes of death globally and estimated that the total healthcare expenditure on diabetes in 2017 reached 727 billion USD. 1 About 85% to 95% of all diabetes cases are type 2 diabetes (T2D), closely

Accelerometer-measured intensity-specific physical activity, genetic risk and incident type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study

“…These results underscore the importance of being physically active for T2D prevention, particularly in those with high genetic risk. Our finding is in line with two studies using 19 SNPs in Poland and 49 SNPs in nine European countries 25 26. In contrast, Klimentidis and his colleagues found that the protective effect of physical activity in those with higher genetic risk was weaker compared with those with lower genetic risk using a PRS comprised of 65 SNPs in the USA 27.…”

Hypofibrinolysis in type 2 diabetes and its clinical implications: from mechanisms to pharmacological modulation

“…The typical patient with T2DM is obese, male, aged 63 years, suffering from T2DM for 10 years [ 2 ], a smoker, treated with antihypertensives, statin and metformin, with a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of 55 mmol/mol (7.2%) [ 3 ]. Additionally, worse glycemic control is seen in patients with a positive family history of T2DM [ 4 ]. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among patients with T2DM varies from 21 [ 5 ] to 32% [ 2 , 3 ], which is much higher than in the general population (10.6%) [ 6 ].…”

Dietary Behaviours May Modulate the Association Between Common MC4R Genetic Variants and Obesity and Its Comorbidities: The 1000PLUS Cohort Study.

“…Participants and Study Design. A population-based sample from the 1000PLUS Cohort Study group was enrolled in this study, consisting of 1,549 Caucasian individuals of Polish origin (aged 18-79 y), recruited between 2007-2019 as described previously (20,39,40). For this analysis, we included subjects who did not have any endocrine, renal, hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders and were not taking any treatments (including dietary supplements, following any speci c eating pattern or diet etc.)…”