The Efficacy of Dynamic Contract-Relax Stretching on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Among Healthy Individuals

Xie, Yanfei; Feng, Beibei; Chen, Kedi; Andersen, Lars L.; Page, Phil; Wang, Yuling

doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000442

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, stretching may be ineffective in relieving perceived muscle pain or in reducing DOMS (Wessel and Wan, 1994 ; Cheung et al, 2003 ; Xie et al, 2018 ). Also, recovery may not simply mean a return to basal values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2021

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Background: Post-exercise (i.e., cool-down) stretching is commonly prescribed for improving recovery of strength and range of motion (ROM) and diminishing delayed onset muscular soreness (DOMS) after physical exertion. However, the question remains if post-exercise stretching is better for recovery than other post-exercise modalities.Objective: To provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of supervised randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of post-exercise stretching on short-term (≤1 h after exercise) and delayed (e.g., ≥24 h) recovery makers (i.e., DOMS, strength, ROM) in comparison with passive recovery or alternative recovery methods (e.g., low-intensity cycling).Methods: This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO CRD42020222091). RCTs published in any language or date were eligible, according to P.I.C.O.S. criteria. Searches were performed in eight databases. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB 2. Meta-analyses used the inverse variance random-effects model. GRADE was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.Results: From 17,050 records retrieved, 11 RCTs were included for qualitative analyses and 10 for meta-analysis (n = 229 participants; 17–38 years, mostly males). The exercise protocols varied between studies (e.g., cycling, strength training). Post-exercise stretching included static stretching, passive stretching, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation. Passive recovery (i.e., rest) was used as comparator in eight studies, with additional recovery protocols including low intensity cycling or running, massage, and cold-water immersion. Risk of bias was high in ~70% of the studies. Between-group comparisons showed no effect of post-exercise stretching on strength recovery (ES = −0.08; 95% CI = −0.54–0.39; p = 0.750; I2 = 0.0%; Egger's test p = 0.531) when compared to passive recovery. In addition, no effect of post-exercise stretching on 24, 48, or 72-h post-exercise DOMS was noted when compared to passive recovery (ES = −0.09 to −0.24; 95% CI = −0.70–0.28; p = 0.187–629; I2 = 0.0%; Egger's test p = 0.165–0.880).Conclusion: There wasn't sufficient statistical evidence to reject the null hypothesis that stretching and passive recovery have equivalent influence on recovery. Data is scarce, heterogeneous, and confidence in cumulative evidence is very low. Future research should address the limitations highlighted in our review, to allow for more informed recommendations. For now, evidence-based recommendations on whether post-exercise stretching should be applied for the purposes of recovery should be avoided, as the (insufficient) data that is available does not support related claims.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42020222091.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

et al. 2021

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“…The result of each BTrackS mCTSIB trial was calculated by the BTrackS Assess Balance software, equivalent to the Total COP Path Length. Total COP Path Length is a proxy for postural sway magnitude whereby larger Total COP Path Length values are indicative of greater postural sway 9. Total COP Path Length was determined by first quantifying the point to point COP Path Length between successive time points according to the following formula:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BTrackS is a force plate balance testing solution that is both affordable (<$2,000) and portable (<6.8 kg) compared to its counterparts. BTrackS also promotes a number of time efficient and user-friendly protocols that accurately and reliably examine postural sway 8,9. One of the most popular protocols is the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (mCTSIB).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Normative data for the Balance Tracking System modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance protocol</p>

Goble

Brar

Brown

et al. 2019

MDER

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Purpose: Force plate balance testing technology has traditionally been underutilized in clinical and research settings due to the high cost and lack of portability. A relatively new force plate called the Balance Tracking System (BTrackS) has been developed to overcome these barriers. BTrackS recently implemented the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance (mCTSIB) as a means of evaluating various sources of sensory information for postural sway control. The present study aimed to provide much needed normative data for the BTrackS mCTSIB protocol. Materials and methods: Data from 604 healthy adults (308 women; 296 men) between the ages of 18 and 29 years were collected according to the BTrackS mCTSIB protocol. The protocol consisted of four, 20-second static standing trials that manipulated relative contributions of the vision, proprioception and vestibular sensory systems through various eyes open/closed and foam/no foam conditions. Comparisons of men versus women and the impact of body size (ie body mass index) were determined so that relevant percentile rankings could be calculated. Results: Analysis of variance showed an interaction between sex and task condition on the BTrackS mCTSIB ( p <0.001). This interaction indicated that women outperformed men on all conditions, but especially in the fourth trial where eyes were closed and standing was done on a compliant foam surface. Percentile rankings were calculated based on sex and BTrackS mCTSIB condition. No relationship was found between BTrackS mCTSIB results and body size. Conclusion: Normative data provided in this study are vital for establishing potential sensory feedback-based balance dysfunctions that may exist clinically or in laboratory settings. In addition, this data can aid in the tracking of changes over a rehabilitation period and/or the effectiveness of balance interventions.

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“…A randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of dynamic contract-relax and static stretching on DOMS did not demonstrate any significant impact of different types of stretching in the treatment of DOMS [53]. A systematic review and meta-analysis also concluded that there is a lack of evidence to support the use of stretching (whether performed before, after, or before and after exercise) or low-intensity exercise [54].…”

Section: Active Forms Of Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) – Part II: Treatment and Prevention

Heiß

Lutter

Freiwald

et al. 2019

Sportverletz Sportschaden

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Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) describes an entity of ultrastructural muscle damage. The manifestation of DOMS is caused by eccentric muscle contractions or unaccustomed forms of exercise. Clinical signs include impaired muscular force capacities, painful restriction of movement, stiffness, swelling, and altered biomechanics in adjacent joints. Although DOMS is categorised as a mild type of muscle damage, it is one of the most common reasons for compromised sportive performance. In the last decade, many hypotheses have been developed to explain the aetiology of DOMS, and there are a wide range of different interventions aiming to prevent or alleviate the symptoms. Many studies have evaluated various types of cold or heat therapy, compression, massage, physical therapy or nutritional interventions. Treatment considerations focus on the primary prevention of ultrastructural lesions during exercise, the treatment of the inflammatory response that leads to DOMS, and recovery strategies for manifest DOMS. This narrative review aims to present an overview of the current treatment and preventive strategies in the field of DOMS.

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The Efficacy of Dynamic Contract-Relax Stretching on Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness Among Healthy Individuals

Abstract: Stretching is commonly recommended before and after exercise; however, this study showed no significant impact of DS or SS in treating DOMS.

Cited by 12 publications

References 49 publications

The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

<p>Normative data for the Balance Tracking System modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration and Balance protocol</p>

Advances in Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) – Part II: Treatment and Prevention

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