The efficacy and effect on gut microbiota of an aflatoxin binder and a fumonisin esterase using an in vitro simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®)

Neckermann, Kaat; Claus, Gregor; Baere, Siegrid De; Antonissen, Gunther; Lebrun, Sarah; Gemmi, Céline; Taminiau, Bernard; Douny, Caroline; Scippo, Marie-Louise; Schatzmayr, Dian; Gathumbi, J. K.; Uhlig, Silvio; Croubels, Siska; Delcenserie, Véronique

doi:10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110395

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Such microbial hydrolysis was also detected in this study, as levels of pHFB1a and pHFB1b were measured in both the serum and faecal samples in the placebo group (no enzyme administered). Even though most studies report a predominant formation of partially hydrolysed metabolites [19,41], HFB1 was equally observed at low concentrations in the placebo group where exclusively FB1 was administered, suggesting further degradation of the partially hydrolysed forms, most likely due to activity of the bacterial microbiota [51]. Furthermore, these findings were reflected in the serum in our study, where HFB1 levels were also observed in the placebo group.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

“…The juvenile pig was used as model for the toddler; as young children are at a higher risk of mycotoxicoses due to higher exposure (a higher food intake/kg body weight (BW) and a higher consumption of cerealbased products), and a lower detoxification capacity due to metabolic and physiological immaturity [38][39][40]. In a previous experiment, this esterase demonstrated a promising effect in reducing FB1 concentrations in the human intestinal environment, using a toddler Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem [41]. A nearly complete reduction in FB1 concentration was achieved following addition of the enzyme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of Fumonisin Esterase in Piglets as Animal Model for Fumonisin Detoxification in Humans: Pilot Study Comparing Intraoral to Intragastric Administration

Neckermann

Antonissen

Doupovec³

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Fumonisins, a group of highly prevalent and toxic mycotoxins, are suspected to be causal agents of several diseases in animals and humans. In the animal feed industry, fumonisin esterase is used as feed additive to prevent mycotoxicosis caused by fumonisins. In humans, a popular dosage form for dietary supplements, with high patient acceptance for oral intake, is capsule ingestion. Thus, fumonisin esterase provided in a capsule could be an effective strategy against fumonisin intoxication in humans. To determine the efficacy of fumonisin esterase through capsule ingestion, two modes of application were compared using piglets in a small-scale preliminary study. The enzyme was administered intraorally (in-feed analogue) or intragastrically (capsule analogue), in combination with fumonisin B1 (FB1). Biomarkers for FB1 exposure; namely FB1, hydrolysed FB1 (HFB1) and partially hydrolysed forms (pHFB1a and pHFB1b), were measured both in serum and faeces using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method, and toxicokinetic parameters were calculated. Additionally, the serum sphinganine/sphingosine (Sa/So) ratio, a biomarker of effect, was determined using LC-MS/MS. A significantly higher Sa/So ratio was shown in the placebo group compared to both esterase treatments, demonstrating the efficacy of the esterase. Moreover, a significant decrease in serum FB1 area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) and an increase of faecal HFB1 AUC were observed after intraoral esterase administration. However, these effects were not observed with statistical significance after intragastric esterase administration with the current sample size.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 41%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Fumonisin Esterase in Piglets as Animal Model for Fumonisin Detoxification in Humans: Pilot Study Comparing Intraoral to Intragastric Administration

Neckermann

Antonissen

Doupovec³

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…The SHIME media comprise arabinogalactan (1.0 g/L), pectin (2.0 g/L), xylan (1.0 g/L), starch (4.0 g/L), glucose (0.4 g/L), yeast extract (3.0 g/L), peptone (3.0 g/L), mucin (1.0 g/L), and cysteine (0.5 g/L) (Abbeele et al, 2010). The specific nutrient medium (PD‐NM005) is also provided by the manufacturer of the SHIME, ProDigest (Bondue et al, 2020; Neckermann et al, 2021). In SHIME, the inoculated microbiota usually takes 10–20 days to stabilize in the fermenter with a low to medium flow rate (Table 4), which is called the adaption time.…”

Section: Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, according to their suitability different SHIME models are regularly used in various dietary studies, including the effect of detoxification of food‐borne mycotoxins on the gut community (Neckermann et al, 2021), the spread of antibiotic resistance in the gut microbiome (Lambrecht et al, 2019), the protective role of probiotics against antibiotic‐induced gut‐dysbiosis (Marzorati et al, 2020), the impact of dietary emulsifier on gut community (Miclotte et al, 2021), and the impact of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota (Zorraquín et al, 2020).…”

Section: Dynamic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role, relevance, and possibilities of in vitro fermentation models in human dietary, and gut‐microbial studies

Singh

Son

Lee

et al. 2022

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Dietary studies play a crucial role in determining the health‐benefiting effects of most food substances, including prebiotics, probiotics, functional foods, and bioactive compounds. Such studies involve gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation of dietary substances. In colonic fermentation, any digested food is further metabolized in the gut by the residing colonic microbiota, causing a shift in the gut microenvironment and production of various metabolites, such as short‐chain fatty acids. These diet‐induced shifts in the microbial community and metabolite production, which can be assessed through in vitro fermentation models using a donor's fecal microbiota, are well known to impact the health of the host. Although in vivo or animal experiments are the gold standard in dietary studies, recent advancements using different in vitro systems, like artificial colon (ARCOL), mini bioreactor array (MBRA), TNO in vitro model of the colon (TIM), Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME), M‐SHIME, Copenhagen MiniGut, and Dynamic Gastrointestinal Simulator, make it easy to study the dietary impact in terms of the gut microbiota and metabolites. Such a continuous in vitro system can have multiple compartments corresponding to different parts of the colon, that is, proximal, transverse, and distal colon, making the findings physiologically more significant. Furthermore, postfermentation samples can be analyzed using metagenomic, metabolomic, quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction, and flow‐cytometry approaches. Moreover, studies have shown that in vitro results are in accordance with the in vivo findings, supporting their relevance in dietary studies and giving confidence that shifts in metabolites are only due to microbes. This review meticulously describes the recent advancements in various fermentation models and their relevance in dietary studies.

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“…Therefore, the most effective method to control the AFM1 concentration in milk is applying good agricultural practices (GAP) to reduce AFB1 contamination of raw materials and cattle feed [ 9 ]. Post-harvest intervention strategies can also be applied to reduce animal and human AFs exposure, such as dehulling, fermentation, nixtamalization, or the usage of mycotoxin modifiers and/or binders [ 16 , 17 ]. In addition, regulations have been developed for AFB1 and total AFs (sum of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, and AFG2) in food and feeds by several countries [ 3 , 7 , 8 , 12 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of High-Throughput Sample Preparation Procedures for the Quantitative Determination of Aflatoxins in Biological Matrices of Chickens and Cattle Using UHPLC-MS/MS

Baere

Ochieng

Kemboi

et al. 2023

Toxins

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Aflatoxins (AFs) frequently contaminate food and animal feeds, especially in (sub) tropical countries. If animals consume contaminated feeds, AFs (mainly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1), G2 (AFG2) and their major metabolites aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and M2 (AFM2)) can be transferred to edible tissues and products, such as eggs, liver and muscle tissue and milk, which ultimately can reach the human food chain. Currently, the European Union has established a maximum level for AFM1 in milk (0.05 µg kg−1). Dietary adsorbents, such as bentonite clay, have been used to reduce AFs exposure in animal husbandry and carry over to edible tissues and products. To investigate the efficacy of adding bentonite clay to animal diets in reducing the concentration of AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, and the metabolites AFM1 and AFM2 in animal-derived foods (chicken muscle and liver, eggs, and cattle milk), chicken and cattle plasma and cattle ruminal fluid, a sensitive and selective ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed. High-throughput sample preparation procedures were optimized, allowing the analysis of 96 samples per analytical batch and consisted of a liquid extraction using 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, followed by a further clean-up using QuEChERS (muscle tissue), QuEChERS in combination with Oasis® Ostro (liver tissue), Oasis® Ostro (egg, plasma), and Oasis® PRiME HLB (milk, ruminal fluid). The different procedures were validated in accordance with European guidelines. As a proof-of-concept, the final methods were used to successfully determine AFs concentrations in chicken and cattle samples collected during feeding trials for efficacy and safety evaluation of mycotoxin detoxifiers to protect against AFs as well as their carry-over to animal products.

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The efficacy and effect on gut microbiota of an aflatoxin binder and a fumonisin esterase using an in vitro simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (SHIME®)

Cited by 6 publications

References 62 publications

Efficacy of Fumonisin Esterase in Piglets as Animal Model for Fumonisin Detoxification in Humans: Pilot Study Comparing Intraoral to Intragastric Administration

Efficacy of Fumonisin Esterase in Piglets as Animal Model for Fumonisin Detoxification in Humans: Pilot Study Comparing Intraoral to Intragastric Administration

Role, relevance, and possibilities of in vitro fermentation models in human dietary, and gut‐microbial studies

Development of High-Throughput Sample Preparation Procedures for the Quantitative Determination of Aflatoxins in Biological Matrices of Chickens and Cattle Using UHPLC-MS/MS

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