The Effects on Classification of Slight Alterations in Numerical Technique

Minkoff, Eli C.

doi:10.2307/2411549

Cited by 44 publications

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“…But all distance measures are unduly influenced by the size of the organisms being compared rather than by the shape which seems to underlie the common concept of taxonomic similarity (76,97). For this reason, correlation coeffi cients, which are less sensitive to size differences, have been preferred, even though the product-moment correlations have been subjected to considerable criticism as measures of similarity between OTUs-such correlations are neither metrics nor invariant to the direction in which characters have been coded (23,27,54,66). This can be overcome by using cosine coefficients of shape (90, p. 172).…”

Section: The 0 � X Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHENETIC TAXONOMY: Theory and Methods

Sokal¹

1986

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

140

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Section: The 0 � X Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

PHENETIC TAXONOMY: Theory and Methods

Sokal¹

1986

Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst.

140

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“…They employ multivariate methods of analysis (see, for example, Du Praw, 1965;Minkoff, 1965;Blackith, 1965) and their advocates offer strong criticisms of the "Adansonian" practice of equal weighting of characters. However, such criticism is largely misdirected, and there is an evident confusion between the two distinct processes: recognition of OTU-characters and estimation of resemblance.…”

Section: Degrees Of Resemblancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of distance coefficients is obviously susceptible to difficulty in choosing a coding method, and, as stressed by Minkoff (1965), reproducibility of classifications demands a single, accepted method. Association coefficients seem less subject to such complications, since I believe that there is a clear case for coding in rangeunits.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is an unfortunate historical accident that pioneer studies in numerical taxonomy often employed, as an estimate of resemblance, the product-moment correlation coefficient (r). Although an efficient tool in other areas of statistics, it has, as a taxonomic concept, serious defects, which have been sufficiently demonstrated by Eades (1965) and Minkoff (1965). It has served its purpose and now might well be retired from the field, as might also the practice of "standardization" of data, which it required (see below).…”

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An Examination of Certain Concepts in Phenetic Taxonomy

Colless

1967

Systematic Zoology

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An examination of certain basic concepts employed in phenetic taxonomy provides a logical framework within which the taxonomic process may be operationally defined, with little or no violence to traditional views. There remain elements of apparently subjective choice for methods adopted in practice, but the "non-probabilistic" approach, based on the concept of "association," is conceptually simple and corresponds closely to traditional methods. There is available for such an approach a "general coefficient of association," which incorporates both qualitative and quantitative information.

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“…Numerical taxonomic studies using highly correlated characters have been carried out by Rohlf (1967;1970) on mosquitoes and Minkoff (1965) on hominoids. Since many of the characters in my analysis were highly correlated, I tried several methods that might effectively deal with problems raised when using such characters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Phenetic Study of the Suborder Lari (Aves) I. Methods and Results of Principal Components Analyses

Schnell¹

1970

Systematic Zoology

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. This content downloaded from 198.101.234.89 on Sun, Abstract Schnell, Gary D. (Intern. Biol. Prog., P. 0. Box 7366, Univ. Sta., Austin, Tex., 78712) 1970. A phenetic study ot the suborder Lari (Aves). I. Methods and results of principal components analyses. Syst. Zool., 19:35-57 [Phenetics; multivariate; Lari; principal components analysis].-Multivariate statistical techniques are used to describe phenetic relationships of the 93 species in the suborder Lari (Charadriiformes: Aves). A total of 51 skeletal and 72 external characters from adult specimens was analyzed. Classifications based on skeletal characters, external characters, and both combined are compared and contrasted.Product moment correlation coefficients and average distance coefficients were used as measures of similarity. OTUs were clustered using the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) and linear adaptive hierarchical clustering schemes (linear AHCS). In addition, three-dimensional models were constructed of OTUs plotted with respect to the first few principal components extracted from a matrix of correlations among characters.Part I describes the materials, methods, and the results of the principal components analyses. Part II will include the phenograms resulting from various analyses, as well as discussion and conclusions sections. SYSTEMATIC ZOOLOGY TAXONOMIC RANK 0 2 4 6 8 PETERS 1 CATHARACTA SKUA 2 STERCORARIUS POMARINUS 3 STERCORARIUS PARASITICUS 4 STERCORARIUS LONGICAUDUS 5GABIANUS PACIFICUS 6GABIANUS SCORESBII 7 PAGOPHILA EBURNEA 8 LARUS FULIGINOSUS 9 LARUS MODESTUS 10 LARUS HEERMANNI 11 LARUS LEUCOPHTHALMUS 12 LARUS HEMPRICHII 13 LARUS BELCHERI 14 LARUS CRASSIROSTRIS 15 LARUS AUDOUINII 16 LARUS DELAWARENSIS 17 LARUS CANUS 18 LARUS ARGENTATUS 9 LARUS THAYERI 20 LARUS FUSCUS 21 LARUS CALIFORNICUS 22 LARUS OCCIDENTALIS 23 LARUS DOMINICANUS 24 LARUS SCHISTISAGUS 25 LARUS MARINUS 26 LARUS GLAUCESCENS 27 LARUS HYPERBOREUS 2B LARUS LEUCOPTERUS 29 LARUS ICHTHYAETUS 30 LARUS ATRICILLA 31 LARUS BRUNNICEPHALUS 32 LARUS CIRROCEPHALUS 33 LARUS SERRANUS 34 LARUS PIPIXCAN 35 LARUS NOVAE-HOLLANDIAE 36 LARUS MELANOCEPHALUS 37 LARUS BULLERI 38 LARUS MACULIPENNIS 39 LARUS RIDIBUNDUS 40 LARUS GENEI 41 LARUS PHILADELPHIA 42 LARUS MINUTUS 43 LARUS SAUNDERSI 44 RHODOSTETHIA ROSEA 45 RISSA TRIDACTYLA 46 RISSA BREVIROSTRIS 47 CREAGRUS FURCATUS 48 XEMA SABINI 49 CHLIDONIAS HYBRIDA 50 CHLIDONIAS LEUCOPTERA 51 CHLIDONIAS NIGRA 52 PHAETUSA SIMPLEX 53 GELOCHELIDON NILOTICA 54 HYDROPROGNE TSCHEGRAVA 55 STERNA AURANTIA 56 STERNA HIRUNDINACEA 57 STERNA HIRUNDO sB STERNA PARADISAEA 59 STERNA VITTATA 60 STERNA VIRGATA 61 STERNA FORSTERI 62 STERNA TRUDEAUI 63 STERNA DOUGALLII 64 STERNA STRIATA 65 STERNA REPRESSA 66 ...

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The Effects on Classification of Slight Alterations in Numerical Technique

Cited by 44 publications

References 0 publications

PHENETIC TAXONOMY: Theory and Methods

PHENETIC TAXONOMY: Theory and Methods

An Examination of Certain Concepts in Phenetic Taxonomy

A Phenetic Study of the Suborder Lari (Aves) I. Methods and Results of Principal Components Analyses

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