The Effects of Xenobiotics on the Structure and Function of Thyroid Follicular and C-Cells

Capen, Charles C.; Martin, S. L.

doi:10.1177/019262338901700205

Cited by 123 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…Although perchlorate has been used as a treatment for hyperthyroidism, under the right circumstances it also can act as goitrogen in rodents and prevent thyroid hormone formation by interfering with iodide uptake (Capen and Martin, 1989). The low level of hormones is recognized by the pituitary gland which then stimulates the thyroid gland to work harder, eventually leading to goiter.…”

Section: Physiological and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate Chemistry: Implications for Analysis and Remediation

Urbansky

1998

Bioremediation Journal

473

387

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Abstract:Since the discovery of perchlorate in the ground and surface waters of several western states, there has been increasing interest in the health effects resulting from chronic exposure to low (parts per billion [ppb]) levels. With this concern has come a need to investigate technologies that might be used to remediate contaminated sites or to treat contaminated water to make it safe for drinking. Possible technologies include physical separation (precipitation, anion exchange, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis), chemical and electrochemical reduction, and biological or biochemical reduction. A fairly unique combination of chemical and physical properties of perchlorate poses challenges to its analysis and reduction in the environment or in drinking water. The implications of these properties are discussed in terms of remediative or treatment strategies. Recent developments are also covered.

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Section: Physiological and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate Chemistry: Implications for Analysis and Remediation

Urbansky

1998

Bioremediation Journal

473

387

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“…These presumably resulted from long-term direct effects of organochlorines on thyroid structure, including the deterioration of cell membranes (6,28), interference with peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism, immunomodulatory and other non-specific effects. These effects may have resulted in temporary or periodic variations in the effect of TSH.…”

Section: European Journal Of Endocrinology (1998) 139mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these were distinct from those observed after short-and long-term thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) stimulation, they were considered to result from direct damage to the thyroid (6). Direct effects of PCBs on the thyroid are supported by the decreased effect of TSH on T 4 and triiodothyronine (T 3 ) release from the thyroid in rats pretreated with PCBs when compared with controls (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased thyroid volume and prevalence of thyroid disorders in an area heavily polluted by polychlorinated biphenyls

Langer

Tajtáková

Fodor³

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

101

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Objective: To evaluate whether long-term exposure to heavy environmental pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) could result in impairment of thyroid status as evaluated by an epidemiological field survey. Methods: Thyroid volume (ThV) was measured by ultrasound in 238 employees of a factory (EMP) which previously produced PCBs and 454 adolescents from the surrounding area polluted by PCBs. Controls (C) were 572 adults and 965 adolescents from much less polluted areas. In the 238 EMP and various numbers (shown in parentheses) of adult C the levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (n ¼ 498), thyroxine (n ¼ 498), thyroglobulin (n ¼ 278) and thyroid antibodies (anti-peroxidase (TPO Ab), n ¼ 517; anti-thyroglobulin (Tg Ab), n ¼ 455; anti-TSH receptor (TSHR Ab), n ¼ 238) were estimated in serum, while only TSH and TPO Ab were measured in 269 and 171 adolescents from polluted and control areas respectively. In several subjects in whom thyroid disease was suspected, total tri-iodothyronine or free thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine were measured. In a total of 362 adults and adolescents the urinary iodine was estimated. Results: Using the Mann-Whitney test, ThV in EMP (mean Ϯ S.E. ¼ 18.85 Ϯ 0.69 ml, median ¼ 17.3 ml, upper quartile ¼ 22.9 ml, n ¼ 238) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in C (13.47 Ϯ 0.48 ml, 11.5 ml, 15.3 ml, n ¼ 486 respectively). Similarly, ThV in adolescents from the polluted area (9.37 Ϯ 0.17 ml, 8.9 ml, 11.0 ml, n ¼ 454 respectively) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that in C (8.07 Ϯ 0.10 ml, 7.6 ml, 9.6 ml, n ¼ 965 respectively).In adults, a significantly increased prevalence of TPO Ab (P<0.05) was found (using the chi-square test) in EMP women of all ages (54/190) vs C women (70/282), in EMP women aged 31-50 years (40/117 vs 70/282 respectively) and those aged 41-50 years (28/77 vs 54/215 respectively). Compared with C, there was also a higher prevalence of Tg Ab in EMP women aged 31-60 years (36/169 vs 50/342 respectively) and of TSHR Ab (P < 0.001) in the group of EMP men and women (25/238) vs sex-and age-matched C (6/238).No difference between EMP and C was found in the level of thyroxine (mean Ϯ S.D. ¼ 116.1 Ϯ 31.2 nmol/l, n ¼ 238 vs 112.2 Ϯ 37.0 nmol/l, n ¼ 460 respectively), TSH in the range 0.1-4.5 mU/l (1.56 Ϯ 0.86 mU/l, n ¼ 219 vs 1.51 Ϯ 0.84 mU/l, n ¼ 460 respectively), prevalence of TSH >4.5 (14/238 vs 28/498 respectively) and <0.1 mU/l (5/238 vs 10/498 respectively). The prevalence of individuals without any defined clinical or laboratory signs of thyroid disorders among EMP who had worked in the factory for 21-35 years (43/128, 33.6%) was significantly lower than that in twice as many matched C (118/256, 46.1%, P < 0.025) or in EMP who had worked for only 11-20 years (36/73, 49.3%, P < 0.05).In adolescents, no difference was found in the prevalence of TPO Ab or TSH >4.5 mU/l between the polluted (17/269, 6.3% and 2/243, 0.8% respectively) and C areas (15/171, 8.5% and 4/140, 2.8% respectively). The median values of urinary iodine were in the op...

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“…The secretion of thyroid hormones, under the influence of pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) from stores in the luminal colloid is initiated by elongation of microvilli and formation of pseudopods. D and C Red No.3 are tetraiodinated derivatives of fluorescein which in lifetime studies increases the incidence of thyroid follicular cell adenomas in male rats (Capen and Martin, 1989)). …”

Section: Discussion Effect On Serum Thyrotropin and Thyroid Hormomentioning

confidence: 99%