The effects of whiteness on the health of whites in the USA

Malat, Jennifer; Mayorga‐Gallo, Sarah; Williams, David R.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.034

Cited by 105 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…First, it is expected that increased stressors due to social disadvantage faced by immigrant and racial/ethnic minority individuals would place them at greater risk for mood disorders than White individuals [1,2]; indeed, numerous studies have detailed the negative mental health impact of experiences associated with minority status, such as racial discrimination [50,51]. Second, as members of the dominant racial/ethnic group, U.S. born White people with U.S. born parents benefit from social policies historically favoring White Americans, such as access to higher quality neighborhoods and housing, which should support better mental health [52]. Like recent findings on the increased health risks faced by middle-aged White people [6], these results raise the question of what in the U.S. context might explain greater risk for mood disorders among a relatively more advantaged groupor conversely, what protective effects might explain lower risk for the other groups?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race/ethnicity, nativity, and lifetime risk of mental disorders in US adults

Álvarez

Fillbrunn

Green

et al. 2018

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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Purpose-There has been no comprehensive examination of how race/ethnicity and nativity intersect in explaining differences in lifetime prevalence of mental disorders among Asian, Black, Latino, and White adults. This study aims to estimate racial/ethnic differences in lifetime risk of mental disorders and examine how group differences vary by nativity. Methods-Survival models were used to estimate racial/ethnic and nativity differences in lifetime risk of DSM-IV anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in a nationally representative sample of over 20,000 respondents to four U.S. surveys. Results-Asians had the lowest lifetime prevalence of mental disorders (23.5%), followed by Blacks (37.0%), Latinos (38.8%), and Whites (45.6%). Asians and Blacks had lower lifetime risk than Whites for all disorders even after adjusting for nativity; Latinos and Whites had similar risk after adjusting for nativity. Risk of disorder onset was lowest for foreign-born respondents in years before migration. There were significant race/ethnicity and nativity interactions for mood and

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Race/ethnicity, nativity, and lifetime risk of mental disorders in US adults

Álvarez

Fillbrunn

Green

et al. 2018

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…There is still a need to test whether psychosical resources have similar or group-specific effects on health. Williams, Kessler, Neighbors, and others have argued that researchers should systematically test potential interactions between race and resources on health [ 97 , 98 ]. Mehta has shown that behavioral and social risk factors do not have similar health effects across all social groups [ 99 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whites but Not Blacks Gain Life Expectancy from Social Contacts

Assari

2017

Behavioral Sciences

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Background. Recent research suggests that the health gain from economic resources and psychological assets may be systematically larger for Whites than Blacks. Aim. This study aimed to assess whether the life expectancy gain associated with social contacts over a long follow up differs for Blacks and Whites. Methods. Data came from the Americans’ Changing Lives (ACL) Study, 1986–2011. The sample was a nationally representative sample of American adults 25 and older, who were followed for up to 25 years (n = 3361). Outcome was all-cause mortality. The main predictor was social contacts defined as number of regular visits with friends, relatives, and neighbors. Baseline demographics (age and gender), socioeconomic status (education, income, and employment), health behaviors (smoking and drinking), and health (chronic medical conditions, obesity, and depressive symptoms) were controlled. Race was the focal moderator. Cox proportional hazard models were used in the pooled sample and based on race. Results. More social contacts predicted higher life expectancy in the pooled sample. A significant interaction was found between race and social contacts, suggesting that the protective effect of more social contacts is smaller for Blacks than Whites. In stratified models, more social contacts predicted an increased life expectancy for Whites but not Blacks. Conclusion. Social contacts increase life expectancy for White but not Black Americans. This study introduces social contacts as another social resource that differentially affects health of Whites and Blacks.

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“…As generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder are the most common types of anxiety found within the graduate student population (Eisenberg, Gollust, Golberstein, & Hefner, 2007), the results of this study support previous research findings suggesting there are higher instances of anxiety within the white group (Budhwani, Hearld, & Chavez-Yenter, 2015;Keyes, 2002;Malat, Mayorga-Gallo, & Williams, 2018;Rosenfield & Mouzon, 2013). It is important to note that these findings may not apply to international students.…”

Section: Results Of the Hierarchical Regression Modelsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Ethnicity was found to be a significant variable in the prediction of anxiety per this sample. There are mixed results from previous research regarding the prevalence of mental ill-health in non-white/racial groups as compared to whites; however, it is essential to look at this issue within the appropriate context (Asnaani, Richey, Dimaite, Hinton, & Hofmann, 2010;Li, Cao, & Li, 2016;Malat, Mayorga-Gallo, & Williams, 2018;Study & Health, 2007). Secondary to the varying degrees and types of anxiety, there is not a perfect model that appropriately fits all ethnicity types when considering high versus low anxiety levels.…”

Section: Results Of the Hierarchical Regression Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating predictive relationships between speech-language pathology graduate students' sense of classroom community, perceived learning, and perceived anxiety.

Schantz¹

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Mental health is an all-encompassing term that focuses on a person's ability to achieve work-life balance inclusive of positive mental health and mental ill-health. Current trends suggest an overall increase in mental ill-health for undergraduate and graduate students. McMillan and Chavis' sense of community theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. This study aimed to examine whether speechlanguage pathology graduate students' sense of classroom community and perceived learning predict anxiety levels while controlling for demographic variables. Threehundred-sixteen master's level speech-language pathology students completed an online survey containing the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire, Perceived Learning Scale, and Classroom Community Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to analyze predictive relationships between the criterion and predictor variables. In the final vi model, social community and learning community (i.e., classroom connectedness), as well as affective aspects of perceived learning, each made a statistically significant individual contribution to the model. In sum, the final model explained approximately 15.5% of the variance among participants. vii

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The effects of whiteness on the health of whites in the USA

Cited by 105 publications

References 60 publications

Race/ethnicity, nativity, and lifetime risk of mental disorders in US adults

Race/ethnicity, nativity, and lifetime risk of mental disorders in US adults

Whites but Not Blacks Gain Life Expectancy from Social Contacts

Investigating predictive relationships between speech-language pathology graduate students' sense of classroom community, perceived learning, and perceived anxiety.

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