The effects of water immersion and restraint stress on the expressions of apelin, apelin receptor (APJR) and apoptosis rate in the rat heart

Üstünel, İ̇smail; Acar, Nuray; Gemici, Burcu; Ozbey, Ozlem; Edizer, Imren; Soylu, Hakan; Tepekoy, Filiz; İzgüt‐Uysal, V. Nimet

doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2013.12.004

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Based on the findings discussed above, we propose that ELA acts via the ELA–APJ axis through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway to affect EC function in a concentration‐dependent manner. Previous studies have recognized that ELA can induce cell invasion through both autocrine and paracrine signalling and may promote subsequent spiral artery reconstruction that prevents the development of PE 33,34 . Our findings shed new mechanistic insight regarding clinical intervention with curative intent for PE by targeting the ELA–APJ axis and PI3K/Akt signalling pathway.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

ELABELA improves endothelial cell function via the ELA–APJ axis by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells

Wang¹,

Liang²,

Guo³

et al. 2020

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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Destruction of endothelial cells (ECs) function is involved in the structural and functional pathophysiological processes of preeclampsia (PE). Vascular endothelial injury may pre‐exist for several years in women that develop PE and may pose increased risks for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and type‐2 diabetes mellitus. Previous findings showed that Elabela (ELA), the endogenous ligand of the apelin (APJ) receptor expressed mainly on ECs, may play a protective role in early pregnancy and prevent PE. However, the exact functional role and molecular mechanisms of ELA are unclear. Here, we aimed to classify whether and how ELA improves EC function via the ELA–APJ axis. Two human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) lines, namely HUVECs and EA.hy926, were treated with ELA, and then their cellular activities were studied by performing CCK‐8 tests, scratch‐wound analysis, and tube‐formation assays. Doses of ELA exceeding 0.01 μmol/L markedly improved the cell viability, migration, and tube formation ability of HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells. Western blot analysis indicated that the above effects caused by ELA were related to upregulation of the APJ receptor and activation of PI3K/Akt signalling. Further verification tests were performed using the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin, and the results illustrated that inhibiting PI3K/Akt signalling blocked the positive effects of ELA on EC function and APJ receptor expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that ELA may alter EC function via the ELA–APJ axis and PI3K/Akt signalling and that ELA shows promise for use in endothelial dysfunction therapy for preventing and treating PE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

ELABELA improves endothelial cell function via the ELA–APJ axis by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells

Wang¹,

Liang²,

Guo³

et al. 2020

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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“…Stress-induced apoptosis in serious cardiovascular diseases is inhibited by cardiac apelin expression elevation. 33 TIMP3 maintains metabolic flexibility via apelin during cardiac stress seizure. 34 Taken together, the above cardiovascular profile suggests a beneficial effect of apelin on atherosclerosis and makes apelin–APJ system a promising therapeutic target in acute coronary syndrome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive value of apelin-12 in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction with different renal function: a prospective observational study

Yang

Zheng

et al. 2017

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo investigate factors predicting the onset of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).BackgroundApelin-12 plays an essential role in cardiovascular homoeostasis. However, current knowledge of its predictive prognostic value is limited.Methods464 patients with STEMI (63.0±11.9 years, 355 men) who underwent successful pPCI were enrolled and followed for 2.5 years. Multivariate cox regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed to determine the factors predicting MACEs.Results118 patients (25.4%) experienced MACEs in the follow-up period. Multivariate cox regression analysis found low apelin-12 (HR=0.132, 95% CI 0.060 to 0.292, P<0.001), low left ventricular ejection fraction (HR=0.965, 95% CI 0.941 to 0.991, P=0.007), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR=0.985, 95% CI 0.977 to 0.993, P<0.001), Killip’s classification>I (HR=0.610, 95% CI 0.408 to 0.912, P=0.016) and pathological Q-wave (HR=1.536, 95% CI 1.058 to 2.230, P=0.024) were independent predictors of MACEs in the 2.5 year follow-up period. Low apelin-12 also predicted poorer in-hospital prognosis and MACEs in the 2.5 years follow-up period compared with Δapelin-12 (P=0.0115) and eGFR (P=0.0071) among patients with eGFR>90 mL/min×1.73 m2. Further analysis showed Δapelin-12 <20% was associated with MACEs in patients whose apelin-12 was below 0.76 ng/mL (P=0.0075) on admission.ConclusionsPatients with STEMI receiving pPCI with lower apelin-12 are more likely to suffer MACEs in hospital and 2.5 years postprocedure, particularly in those with normal eGFR levels.

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“…Moreover, apelin-13 decreases the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus protecting against ischaemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats induced by glucose deprivation [84]. Ustunela et al examined the potential impact of apelin on a variety of stress-related heart diseases and showed that water immersion and restraint stress led to increased levels of apelin, which inhibited stress-induced apoptosis in rat hearts [86]. Apelin attenuates ER stress-induced apoptosis, reducing CHOP and JNK via PI3K/AKT, MAPK3/1, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the rat I/R model [87].…”

Section: Cardiovascular Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Apelinergic System: Apelin, ELABELA, and APJ Action on Cell Apoptosis: Anti-Apoptotic or Pro-Apoptotic Effect?

Respekta

Pich

Dawid

et al. 2022

Cells

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The apelinergic system comprises two peptide ligands, apelin and ELABELA, and their cognate G-protein-coupled receptor, the apelin receptor APJ. Apelin is a peptide that was isolated from bovine stomach extracts; the distribution of the four main active forms, apelin-36, -17, -13, and pyr-apelin-13 differs between tissues. The mature form of ELABELA-32 can be transformed into forms called ELABELA-11 or -21. The biological function of the apelinergic system is multifaceted, and includes the regulation of angiogenesis, body fluid homeostasis, energy metabolism, and functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous, respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems. This review summarises the mechanism of the apelinergic system in cell apoptosis. Depending on the cell/tissue, the apelinergic system modulates cell apoptosis by activating various signalling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), 5’AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK), and protein kinase A (PKA). Apoptosis is critically important during various developmental processes, and any dysfunction leads to pathological conditions such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and developmental defects. The purpose of this review is to present data that suggest a significant role of the apelinergic system as a potential agent in various therapies.

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The effects of water immersion and restraint stress on the expressions of apelin, apelin receptor (APJR) and apoptosis rate in the rat heart

Cited by 16 publications

References 21 publications

ELABELA improves endothelial cell function via the ELA–APJ axis by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells

ELABELA improves endothelial cell function via the ELA–APJ axis by activating the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells

Predictive value of apelin-12 in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction with different renal function: a prospective observational study

The Apelinergic System: Apelin, ELABELA, and APJ Action on Cell Apoptosis: Anti-Apoptotic or Pro-Apoptotic Effect?

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