The Effects of Water Chemistry on the Toxicity of Copper to Fathead Minnows

Erickson, Russell J.; Benoit, Duane A.; Mattson, Vincent R.; Nelson, Henry P.; Leonard, Edward N.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(1996)015<0181:teowco>2.3.co;2

Cited by 145 publications

(312 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…1) is in accordance with the commonly reported effects of these major cations on metal toxicity to aquatic organisms and is probably the result of competition between these ions and the free copper ions for binding on the cell surface (Playle et al, 1993;Campbell, 1995;Erickson et al, 1996;Meyer et al, 1998;Di Toro et al, 2001;. The increased toxicity of copper at higher pH levels can possibly be explained by a number of mechanisms.…”

Section: Copper Toxicity In Natural Surface Waters 665supporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of Varying Physicochemistry of European Surface Waters on the Copper Toxicity to the Green Alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Heijerick¹,

Bossuyt

Schamphelaere

et al. 2005

Ecotoxicology

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Most standard toxicity test results, used in present environmental risk assessment and water quality criteria (WQC) setting procedures are obtained with standard test media that are not representative for natural surface waters when metal toxicity modifying factors like pH, water hardness and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are considered. The aim of this study was, using the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata, (1) to investigate the individual effects of Ca, Mg (the hardness cations) and pH on the toxicity of copper in reconstituted artificial test waters and (2) to study the copper toxicity in 13 spiked surface waters originating from different European eco-regions. Surface waters were selected such that a broad range of DOC (1.55-20.4 mg/l), pH (5.52-8.30) and water hardness (7-238 mg CaCO(3)/l) was covered. Tests in reconstituted artificial waters demonstrated that the 72 h-E(b)C50 (expressed as dissolved Cu) increased by about a factor of 3 when the Ca and Mg concentrations increased from 0.25 to 2.5 mM. When pH was increased from 5.8 to 8.0, dissolved 72 h-E(b)C50 decreased by a factor of 3. It is suggested that competition between Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and H+ ions at the cell surface are the most likely explanation for these observations. Dissolved 72 h-E(b)C50s in the natural surface waters varied between 32.0 and 245 mug Cu/l and were up to a factor 15 higher than the 72 h-E(b)C50 in standard artificial medium (16.5+/-4.8 mug Cu/l). Consequently, Water Effect Ratio's (WER, the ratio between the EC50 in natural water to the EC50 in standard test water) ranged from 1.9 to 14.8. Linear regression analysis revealed that higher E(b)C50 were significantly related to higher DOC-concentration of the natural waters (R2 = 0.69), but that water hardness and pH did not show a significant relation with copper toxicity in these surface waters. In European surface waters, a positive correlation is observed between water hardness and pH. As a result, hardness and pH effects on copper toxicity are counteractive in European surface waters, resulting in the highly significant relation between the 72 h-E(b)C50 and DOC-concentration. Normalisation of the obtained effect concentrations using a Biotic Ligand based predictive Cu-toxicity model revealed that variation in DOC and pH are mainly responsible for the observed differences of Cu-toxicity in natural waters.

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Section: Copper Toxicity In Natural Surface Waters 665supporting

confidence: 87%

Effect of Varying Physicochemistry of European Surface Waters on the Copper Toxicity to the Green Alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Heijerick¹,

Bossuyt

Schamphelaere

et al. 2005

Ecotoxicology

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“…9) substantial reduction by sodium of copper toxicity related to the disruption of ion exchange in aquatic animals such as larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) (29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometric analysis of chronic and acute toxicity of copper(II) on the marine dinoflagellateAmphidinium carterae

et al. 2001

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“…Complexation of copper in copper sulfate exposures may occur rapidly in systems with alkaline pH, high organic carbon levels, or high hardness, thus decreasing the available fraction of copper for uptake (Elder and Horne 1978;Erickson et al 1996). If the available copper concentration is insufficient to achieve the critical burden for the algae present, then control will not be achieved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Lyngbya wollei to Exposures of Copper-Based Algaecides: The Critical Burden Concept

Bishop

Rodgers

2011

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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The formulation of a specific algaecide can greatly influence the bioavailability, uptake, and consequent control of the targeted alga. In this research, three copper-based algaecide formulations were evaluated in terms of copper sorption to a specific problematic alga and amount of copper required to achieve control. The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the masses of copper required to achieve control of Lyngbya wollei using the algaecide formulations Algimycin-PWF, Clearigate, and copper sulfate pentahydrate in laboratory toxicity experiments; (2) to relate the responses of L. wollei to the masses of copper adsorbed and absorbed (i.e., dose) as well as the concentrations of copper in the exposure water; and (3) to discern the relation between the mass of copper required to achieve control of a certain mass of L. wollei among different algaecide formulations. The critical burden of copper (i.e., threshold algaecide concentration that must be absorbed or adsorbed to achieve control) for L. wollei averaged 3.3 and 1.9 mg Cu/g algae for Algimycin-PWF and Clearigate, respectively, in experiments with a series of aqueous copper concentrations, water volumes, and masses of algae. With reasonable exposures in these experiments, control was not achieved with single applications of copper sulfate despite copper sorption >13 mg Cu/g algae in one experiment. Factors governing the critical burden of copper required for control of problematic cyanobacteria include algaecide formulation and concentration, volume of water, and mass of algae. By measuring the critical burden of copper from an algaecide formulation necessary to achieve control of the targeted algae, selection of an effective product and treatment rate can be calculated at a given field site.

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The Effects of Water Chemistry on the Toxicity of Copper to Fathead Minnows

Cited by 145 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Varying Physicochemistry of European Surface Waters on the Copper Toxicity to the Green Alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Effect of Varying Physicochemistry of European Surface Waters on the Copper Toxicity to the Green Alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

Flow cytometric analysis of chronic and acute toxicity of copper(II) on the marine dinoflagellateAmphidinium carterae

Responses of Lyngbya wollei to Exposures of Copper-Based Algaecides: The Critical Burden Concept

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