The effects of water and food deprivation on the heart rate of rats

Ashida, Sachio

doi:10.3758/bf03327682

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In most mammals, a dilation of mesenteric blood vessels with increased blood flow, a shift of blood volume into the splanchnic bed and a small compensatory increase in cardiac output (and cardiac rate) occur almost immediately after nutrient comes in contact with the upper gastrointestinal tract (16). In adult rats (and humans) only minor cardiac rate changes accompany starvation (17,18). In the 2-week-old infant rat, however, at an age when relatively enormous quantities of nutrient are digested (25% of body weight per day), physiological changes may well be exaggerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physiological Mechanisms for Cardiac Control by Nutritional Intake after Early Maternal Separation in the Young Rat

Hofer

Weiner

1975

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Series of analytic experiments are presented that explore possible physiological mechanisms for the control of cardiac rate by nutritional intake in the pre-weanling rat. The essential properties of the nutrient and the first site of action were studied by using fluids of different pH, osmolality and chemical composition administered intravenously as well as intragastrically. Several probable effector pathways were explored: neuroendocrine (adrenal medullary and adrenocortical, thyroid), cholinergic and adrenergic. Pharmacological blocking agents, surgical removal of glands, replacement hormones and spinal cord trasaction were utilized. Afferent pathways such as vagus and splanchnic systems were approached surgically and the gastrointestinal hormones, histamine, insulin and glucagon, were studied by administration and pharmacological blockade. The evidence tended to rule out a number of possible mechanisms and pathways and to make it appear likely that nutrient acts initially at the gut wall, that the CNS then responds by increasing tone in the classical spinal cardioacceleratory pathways to the beta-adrenergic synapses of myocardium.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Physiological Mechanisms for Cardiac Control by Nutritional Intake after Early Maternal Separation in the Young Rat

Hofer

Weiner

1975

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…In the adult rat, heart rate has been reported either to remain unchanged (11) or to increase (12) for as long as 96 hours after food and water deprivation. The experiments with mothers rendered incapable of supplying milk diminish the likelihood that the olfactory, auditory and tactile stimulation of the mother's presence is sufficient to prevent the separation response from occurring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Development and Mechanisms of Cardiorespiratory Responses to Maternal Deprivation in Rat Pups

Hofer

Weiner

1971

Psychosomatic Medicine

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Cardiac and respiratory rates and an index of activity were recorded in rat pups separated from their mothers for 24 hours at 4, 14 and 21 days after birth. The cardiac and respiratory rates of pups separated at 14 days fell by 40%, while the percentage of time they were active was unchanged. In younger pups, the major response was respiratory, while 3-week-old pups showed only marginal trends in these measures. Experiments on 2-week-old pups with autonomic blocking agents and tactile stimulation revealed that the hearts of separated pups were capable of beating at normal rates but failed to do so, probably because of reduced sympathetic tone augmented by some degree of vagal restraint. Separation of 2-week-old pups in a novel environment led to more rapid responses than if pups remained in their home cage nest after removal of the mother. Nonlactating foster mothers failed to prevent the physiologic changes. The importance of the feeding experience to the maintenance of sympathetic tone in young rats is suggested and discussed.Clinical evidence suggests that the development of several classic psychosomatic diseases may depend upon early separation experiences (1), and there are data indicating that illness of many kinds may be precipitated in the setting of object loss in adulthood (2-4). Behavioral effects of maternal deprivation have been studied experimentally in monkeys (5, 6), but the physiologic impact of early maternal separation has received little attention, although a clinical study has documented consistent abnormalities in adrenocortical and pituitary growth hormone function in emotionally deprived children (7). These and other observations suggest that separation, and particularly early maternal deprivation, may elicit biologic responses in a variety of mammalian species. This paper describes such responses occurring in a relatively simple laboratory animal model system where the behavioral, environmental and physiologic factors involved can be analyzed systematically.A previous report described a 40% decrease in cardiac and respiratory rates occurring in 2-week-old rat pups within the first 16 hours of separation from their mothers, despite maintenance of body temperature, adequate nutrition to prevent dehydration-starvation, and irrespective of whether pups were left in their home cage or placed in a novel environment (8). In

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Heart rate conditioning in mice

Herrmann

Carran

1972

Behav Genet

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The effects of water and food deprivation on the heart rate of rats

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Physiological Mechanisms for Cardiac Control by Nutritional Intake after Early Maternal Separation in the Young Rat

Physiological Mechanisms for Cardiac Control by Nutritional Intake after Early Maternal Separation in the Young Rat

Development and Mechanisms of Cardiorespiratory Responses to Maternal Deprivation in Rat Pups

Heart rate conditioning in mice

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