The effects of walking training onset on motor evoked potentials after acute spinal cord injury

The effect of early mobilisation (< 14 days) on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced spinal cord injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis

“…Papers reported samples ranging from n = 12–65 and consisted of male and female murids (M:F = 3:2) (Sprague–Dawley rats [ 34 , 38 – 42 , 44 , 49 ], Wistar rats [ 22 , 35 , 36 , 45 – 48 ], and mice [ 37 , 43 ]) aged between 2 and 4 months. The studies used animal models with induced SCI resulting in complete SCI by transection [ 22 , 34 , 35 , 48 ], or incomplete SCI by contusion [ 36 , 38 – 41 , 44 , 45 , 47 , 49 ], hemi-Sect. [ 43 ] compression [ 46 ], or crush injury [ 37 ].…”

“…Mobilisation interventions comprised of treadmill training, including use of body weight support [ 34 – 38 , 41 , 44 , 46 – 49 ], use of an exercise wheel or ball [ 39 , 40 , 43 ], walking on a runway [ 45 ] or wire mesh [ 22 ], or unspecified rehabilitation training [ 42 ]. Animals in the control groups were not given the opportunity to exercise; where reported this was described as ‘untrained’ or ‘sedentary’.…”

“…The training regime for most animals was 20–30 min per day, 5-days per week [ 35 – 39 , 41 , 44 , 46 – 49 ], delivered as one session [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 44 , 47 – 49 ] or divided into multiple sessions throughout the day [ 35 , 38 , 41 , 46 ]. Two studies delivered the intervention for 10–15 min once per day for 5-days per week [ 22 , 34 ], one study delivered 30 min per day for 3-days per week [ 42 ], and one study for 12 min per day twice per week [ 45 ].…”

“…Mobilisation was initiated between 1 and 14 days following SCI. Three studies reported outcomes on groups initiating mobilisation at different time points within the 14 days [ 36 , 40 , 44 ]. Outcomes were extracted at 4 weeks post SCI.…”

“…Outcomes were extracted at 4 weeks post SCI. The interventions were delivered until this 4-week assessment point in almost all except 4 studies who delivered intervention up to 3-weeks [ 22 , 42 , 44 ] and 1 study up to 2-weeks [ 40 ].…”