The Effects of Vitamins and Micronutrients on Helicobacter pylori Pathogenicity, Survival, and Eradication: A Crosstalk between Micronutrients and Immune System

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori as a class I carcinogen is correlated with a variety of severe gastroduodenal diseases; therefore, H. pylori eradication has become a priority to prevent gastric carcinogenesis. However, due to the emergence and spread of multidrug and single drug resistance mechanisms in H. pylori, as well as serious side effects of currently used antibiotic interventions, achieving successful H. pylori eradication has become exceedingly difficult. Recent studies expressed the intention of seeking novel strategies to improve H. pylori management and reduce the risk of H. pylori-associated intestinal and extragastrointestinal disorders. For which, vitamin supplementation has been demonstrated in many studies to have a tight interaction with H. pylori infection, either directly through the regulation of the host inflammatory pathways or indirectly by promoting the host immune response. On the other hand, H. pylori infection is reported to result in micronutrient malabsorption or deficiency. Furthermore, serum levels of particular micronutrients, especially vitamin D, are inversely correlated to the risk of H. pylori infection and eradication failure. Accordingly, vitamin supplementation might increase the efficiency of H. pylori eradication and reduce the risk of drug-related adverse effects. Therefore, this review aims at highlighting the regulatory role of micronutrients in H. pylori-induced host immune response and their potential capacity, as intrinsic antioxidants, for reducing oxidative stress and inflammation. We also discuss the uncovered mechanisms underlying the molecular and serological interactions between micronutrients and H. pylori infection to present a perspective for innovative in vitro investigations, as well as novel clinical implications.

25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in children of different ages and with varying degrees of Helicobacter pylori infection and immunological features

“…In addition, it enhances the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages and enhances the motility and phagocytosis ability of macrophages. Calcitriol downregulates IFN- γ and proinflammatory cytokine production by increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines ( 21 ). The breakdown product of vitamin D3 (VDP1) leads to the collapse of the membrane structure of HP and plays an antibacterial role ( 22 ).…”

The interplay between Helicobacter pylori and the gut microbiota: An emerging driver influencing the immune system homeostasis and gastric carcinogenesis

“…Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron , an acetate-producing bacterium, enhances mucus secretion by promoting goblet cell development and mucus-related gene expression ( Wrzosek et al., 2013 ). Moreover, butyrate-producing bacteria might restore vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in the intestine and reduce the expansion of gut dysbiosis ( Nabavi-Rad et al., 2022 ). Intestinal dysbiosis can enhance the release of LPS, which results in the production of cathepsin K (CTSK) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells.…”

Editorial commentary on the Indian Journal of Gastroenterology—May–June 2022

“…Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a class I carcinogen, is associated with a variety of severe gastroduodenal diseases. Recent studies have assessed novel strategies to improve H. pylori management and reduce the risk of H. pylori-associated intestinal and extra-gastrointestinal disorders [9]. Antioxidant supplements have been demonstrated in many studies to have an interaction with H. pylori infection, either directly through the regulation of the host inflammatory pathways or indirectly by promoting the host immune response.…”