The effects of vitamin E on brain derived neurotrophic factor, tissues oxidative damage and learning and memory of juvenile hypothyroid rats

Abstract

The effects of vitamin E (Vit E) on brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and brain tissues oxidative damage as well as on learning and memory impairments in juvenile hypothyroid rats were examined. The rats were grouped as: (1) Control; (2) Propylthiouracil (PTU); (3) PTU-Vit E and (4) Vit E. PTU was added to their drinking water (0.05%) during 6 weeks. Vit E (20 mg/kg) was daily injected (IP). Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) were carried out. The animals were deeply anesthetized and the brain tissues were removed for biochemical measurements. PTU increased the escape latency and traveled path in MWM (P < 0.001). It also shortened the latency to enter the dark compartment of PA as well as the time spent in the target quadrant in probe trial of MWM (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). All the effects of PTU were reversed by Vit E (P < 0.01-P < 0.001). PTU administration attenuated thiol and BDNF content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the brain tissues while increased molondialdehyde (MDA). Moreover, Vit E improved BDNF, thiol, SOD and CAT while diminished MDA. The results of the present study showed that Vit E improved BDNF and prevented from brain tissues oxidative damage as well as learning and memory impairments in juvenile hypothyroid rats.

Treatment by Vitamin D Reversed the Adverse Effects of Hypothyroidism on Learning and Memory in Juvenile Rats: Protection Against Acetylcholinesterase Activity and Brain Tissue Oxidative Damage.

“…The current ndings revealed that hypothyroidism during juvenile growth in rats result in cognitive perturbation which was re ected in animal's performance in both MWM and PA tests. In support of the current data, our previous works showed that hypothyroidism was associated with impaired learning and memory of the rats (11,36,45). In the present study, the results of the MWM test declared that the time spent and distance traveled to nd the platform in the hypothyroid rats was higher than the the control group ones which a rms learning impairment due to hypothyroidism.…”

“…Therefore, it seems that AChE activity is under direct thyroid hormone control. Nowadays, antioxidants have been generally demonstrated to have bene cial effects in the prevention of memory impairment by neutralizing the excess of free radicals to protect against oxidative damage (36,54). The ndings of the present study implied that treatment with Vit D supplementation enhanced learning and memory tasks.…”

“…The rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) Control group; the animals received drinking water with solvent of Vit D. 2) Hypothyroid group; the animals received 0.05% PTU in drinking water with solvent of Vit D; 3) Hypothyroid-Vit D 100 and 4) Hypothyroid-Vit D 500; besides 0.05% PTU in drinking water, the animals of groups 3 and 4 received 100 IU/kg/day and 500 IU/kg/day of Vit D respectively by gavage (34,35). The duration of treatment for all groups was six weeks (36). At the end of the sixth week, to evaluate the performance of memory and learning, behavioral tests including Morris water maze (MWM) and passive avoidance (PA) tests were performed.…”

Resveratrol attenuates methamphetamine‐induced memory impairment via inhibition of oxidative stress and apoptosis in mice

“…Memory impairment caused by various factors such as aging and lipopolysaccharide could all be alleviated by antioxidants such as naringin and vitamin E (Baghcheghi et al., 2018; Khajevand‐Khazaei et al., 2018). For instance, vitamin E could improve post‐traumatic stress disorder, cisplatin, or waterpipe smoking‐induced memory impairment possibly through affecting alterations in oxidative stress biomarkers including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) (Ahmed et al., 2020; Alzoubi et al., 2019; Hosseinzadeh et al., 2020).…”

Effects of Hydro-ethanolic Extract of Tanacetum parthenium and its N-Butanol and Aqueous Fractions on Brain Oxidative Damage in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures in Mice

“…The assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was done using relevant reagents as it has been previously declared. 30 Determination of total thiol content The total thiol content (SH) was evaluated using appropriate reagents as we have already described. 30…”