The effects of vitamin A on cells of innate immunity in vitro

Abstract

Retinoid treatment is suggested to promote development of inflammatory bowel disease, although preclinical studies are not supportive. We evaluated the effect of retinoids on cytokine response in in vitro-differentiated human dendritic cells (ivDCs) and macrophages (ivMACs) derived from healthy human donors and in cultured human THP-1 cells. Effect on human intestinal epithelial cell integrity was also assessed. Each cell type was incubated (±lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), 13-cis-RA (isotretinoin) and 4-oxo-13-cis-RA. Cytokine analysis was performed by array analysis. Cultured human endothelial colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells were incubated with these retinoids and media analyzed for leakage by spectrofluorometric analysis. ATRA consistently and significantly inhibited LPS-induced release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α and MIP-1β. All retinoids tested stimulated release of the anti-inflammatory cytokines granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IL-10, and also monocyte chemotactic protein-1, vascular endothelial growth factor and eotaxin-1. Incubation with retinoids did not significantly alter the permeability of Caco-2 monolayers. Pre-treatment of each cell type with retinoids promoted an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile with only minimal effect on intestinal epithelial cell permeability; consistent with in vivo studies.

Development of Quantitative Proteomics Using iTRAQ Based on the Immunological Response of Galleria mellonella Larvae Challenged with Fusarium oxysporum Microconidia

“…There are few studies on CRABP and the innate immune system in insects; however, various works have characterized the protein in other organisms [94], [95]. This is an important matter in mammals because RA is a key modulator of the innate immune system [96]. As in other proteins in our study, CRABP was down-regulated with 10 4 microconidia/mL at 25°C, but up-regulated at 37°C (non-significant).…”

Large-Scale Integrative Analysis of Epigenetic Modifications Induced by Isotretinoin, Doxycycline and Metronidazole in Murine Colonic Intestinal Epithelial Cells

“…Our previous studies showed a systemic decrease in serum IL-12p40 levels [20], and no impact on the course of colitis after isotretinoin treatment in DSS-and T-cell-transfer colitis models. Furthermore, isotretinoin induced an anti-inflammatory immune cell profile in vitro and in vivo [21,28]. Pedrotti et al described local intestinal effects on lamina propria cells after systemic changes of IL-12 levels [40].…”

“…Yet, these results remain controversial as others were unable to confirm these findings in epidemiological studies [17][18][19]. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies have shown evidence against an association between isotretinoin and IBD, and demonstrated that isotretinoin induces anti-inflammatory effects [20,21]. Isotretinoin is typically used in acne patients unresponsive to antibiotic therapy [22,23].…”

Efficient two-step chemo-enzymatic synthesis of all-trans-retinyl palmitate with high substrate concentration and product yield

“…Retinol (vitamin A) is an essential vitamin which plays an important role in the cell growth and differentiation and is critical for the normal formation and maintenance of the heart, kidneys, and other organs (Gerster 1997;Semba 1998;Tung et al 2005;Wojtal et al 2013). However, retinol is very unstable and easy to be damaged by air, ultraviolet, and oxidizing substances even under low temperature (Riaz et al 2009;Courraud et al 2013).…”