The effects of vertical stability on phytoplankton distributions in the summer on the northwest European Shelf

Pingree, R. D.; Holligan, Patrick M.; Mardell, G. T.

doi:10.1016/0146-6291(78)90584-2

Cited by 283 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Wind, on a large scale, may be more effective than the tide in setting up vertical circulation that may bring nutrients from beneath into the upper stratified layer (Pingree et al 1978). Indeed, any tendency for the wind to move stratified surface water offshore will be balanced by a compensating flow that is likely to -produce upwelling inshore, as a manifestation of continuity (cf.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Expressing the dissipation rate of TKE (+-) associated with the tide as (e.g. Pingree et al 1978) for a rectilinear tide [where C, is the friction coefficient and ] u3 ] = (4/7r)~,~, u7. being the tidal amplitude] (Bah and Legendre 1985), one can easily show that for the wind to be more efficient in generating TKE than the tide in unstratified shallow water, the following criterion must be satisfied:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resuspension in the shallow sublittoral zone of a macrotidal estuarine environment: Wind influence1

Demers¹,

Therriault²,

Bourget

et al. 1987

Limnology & Oceanography

131

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Several biological and physical variables were measured four times daily for 148 consecutive days at a fixed station to examine fluctuations of phytoplankton abundance in the littoral zone of the lower St. Lawrence estuary. On the seasonal scale, the pattern of variation of phytoplankton was characterized by a midsummer diatom bloom similar to that observed offshore in the pelagic zone. On the shorter time scale, chlorophyll a concentration in the littoral zone was highly variable and closely associated with variations in the wind field. No relationship, however, could be found between phytoplankton cell numbers and wind velocity. The possible influence of wind, tidalinduced upwelling, overturning eddies, and wave-induced mixing processes on resuspension was examined. The higher Chl a values observed irregularly at the sampling stations resulted from the mechanical resuspension of benthic diatoms due to wind, or wind-induced wave, mixing in the littoral zone. Wind velocities >4 m s-l were shown to cause significant resuspension of particulate organic matter (POC) in the water column. For winds >6 m s-l, there was no further increase in POC. These results suggest that the frequency of wind velocities > 4 m s-* plays a significant role on secondary production in the littoral zone by providing an increased food supply to benthic and planktonic filter feeders, especially at times when phytoplankton biomass is normally low in the water column.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resuspension in the shallow sublittoral zone of a macrotidal estuarine environment: Wind influence1

Demers¹,

Therriault²,

Bourget

et al. 1987

Limnology & Oceanography

131

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“…The importance of hydrography in controlling phytoplankton community structure and dynamics is well established (Holligan & Harbour 1977, Pingree et al 1978, Mayzaud & Taguchi 1979, Holligan et al 1984. The different hydrographic features characteristic of mixed and stratified environments are known to invoke different responses in community structure, with stratification and water column stability tending to support high particulate biomass, particularly of microzooplankton, which in turn sustains high mesozooplankton production (Holligan et al 1984).…”

Section: Microplanktonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Pond¹,

Harris²,

Head³

et al. 1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

201

180

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Fecundity of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus was monitored at a coastal station in the western English Channel during January to September 1994 and varied seasonally from 3 to 33 eggs female-' d-l (mean 17 eggs female-' d-'). Particulate fatty acid levels, particularly in the <20 pm size fraction, were more highly correlated with fecundity than either chl a, particulate carbon or nitrogen. and this reflected the size and species composition of the microplankton. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and ciliates all sustained high fecundity. The mean volume of eggs produced by C. helgolandicus was inversely related to both food availability and fecundity, with increased numbers of smaller eggs produced during per~ods of high food availability. Female C helgolandicus with the highest body nitrogen and carbon produced eggs with the highest carbon and nltrogen contents, although these eggs were also smaller. Hatching viability was consistently high with a seasonal mean of 83% and both viability and the incidence of deformed nauplii were negatively correlated with the carbon and nitrogen content of females and eggs. Hatching viability was not correlated with the abundance of diatoms, but was closely correlated with the levels of 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6) fatty acids in both the environment and in the eggs. Particulate concentrations of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), although abundant in the environment and therefore good indicators of food availability, were not correlated with either egg viability or naupliar survival. The levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the eggs were important factors determining naupliar survival under starvation conditions. Although food availability limited fecundity, female recruitment was possibly limited by predation pressure. particularly during the late summer. This study highlights the value of seasonal and nutritional based studies in understanding variability in zooplankton fecundity.

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“…Additionally on the shelf, tidal mixing can supply nutrients to the euphotic zone. Fronts between summer-stratified and mixed waters particularly favour phytoplankton growth (Pingree et al, 1978). Mixed waters provide nutrients directly from benthic regeneration.…”

Section: Context: West-european Marginmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep ocean exchange with west-European shelf seas

2009

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Abstract. We review mechanisms and studies of exchange between the north-east Atlantic and the adjacent shelf seas. Well-developed summer upwelling and associated filaments off Portugal and north-west Spain give exchange O(3 m 2 /s per unit length of shelf). Prevailing westerly winds further north drive exchange O(1 m 2 /s). Poleward flow along most of the upper slope has associated secondary circulation O(1 m 2 /s), meanders and eddies. Eddies are shed from slope waters into the Bay of Biscay, and local exchanges occur at shelf spurs and depressions or canyons (e.g. dense-water cascading of order 1 m 2 /s). Tidal transports are larger, but their reversal every six hours makes exchange largely ineffective except where internal tides are large and non-linear, as in the Celtic Sea where solitons carry water with exchange O(1 m 2 /s). These various physical exchanges amount to an estimated 2-3 m 2 /s per unit length of shelf, between ocean and shelf. A numerical model estimate is comparable: 2.5×10 6 m 3 /s onto and off the shelf from Brittany to Norway. Mixing controls the seasonal thermocline, affecting primary production and hence fluxes and fate of organic matter. Specifically, CO 2 take-up by primary production, settling below the thermocline before respiration, and then off-shelf transport, make an effective shelf-sea "pump" (for CO 2 from the atmosphere to the deep ocean). However, knowledge of biogeochemical fluxes is generally sparse, giving scope for more measurements, model validation and estimates from models.

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The effects of vertical stability on phytoplankton distributions in the summer on the northwest European Shelf

Cited by 283 publications

References 15 publications

Resuspension in the shallow sublittoral zone of a macrotidal estuarine environment: Wind influence1

Resuspension in the shallow sublittoral zone of a macrotidal estuarine environment: Wind influence1

Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Deep ocean exchange with west-European shelf seas

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