The effects of various kinds of relevant verbal pretraining on subsequent motor performance.

Short-term memory for motor responses.

“…These data offer support for the view that verbal and motor STM follow the same general laws, but is it possible this conformity of verbal and motor behavior is because we used a motor task with a substantial verbal component in the response complex? We know that implicit verbal responses can be beneficial for motor behavior under certain task conditions (e.g., Arnoult, 1957;Goss, 1955;McAllister, 1953), and an S of our studies could have used a covert verbal label to help define the motor response and then made motor error at recall because forgetting processes caused the verbal label to be wrongly recalled. This kind of implicit verbal behavior is a reasonable expectation for adults but we are convinced of the motor dominance of our task for two reasons.…”

Shifts in percentage of reinforcement viewed as changes in incentive.

“…A condensed version of the paper was presented in a symposium at the 1963 meeting of MPA, in Chicago, 2 Now at the Bangkok Institute for Child Study, Thailand. oratory (Cantor, 1955;Macek, 1957;McAllister, 1953;McCormack, 1958).…”

A multiprocess model for paired-associate learning.

“…That the R of the pair tends to become associated with this mediating s rather than to the S itself has been demonstrated by Bugelski and Scharlock (1952) for experimentally established mediators and by Russell and Storms (1955) for those provided by language habits. That the mediators tend to be the discriminating labels attached to the Ss is demonstrated by McAllister's (1953) finding that stimulus predifferentiation results in positive transfer to the extent that the differentiating labels (r) are "relevant" to the new Rs to be learned for the Ss.…”