The Effects of Various Acid Catalyst on the Esterification of Jatropha Curcas Oil based Trimethylolpropane Ester as Biolubricant Base Stock

Arbain, Noor Hafizah; Salimon, Jumat

doi:10.1155/2011/789374

Cited by 39 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Pure levulinic acid (LA) showed four characteristic bands in the IR region, i.e., for C-H stretching at 2865 cm -1 (s), C=O stretching at 1710 cm -1 (s), C-O bending at 1165 cm -1 (s), and O-H stretching for carboxylic group at 3300-2800 cm -1 (b). After esterification with TMP, LA + TMP ester experienced a shift to a higher wavenumber for C-H vibration at 2880-2885 cm -1 (w), C-O bending at 1175-1178 cm -1 (w), and C=O stretching at 1723-1728 cm -1 (w) [70] for all complexes. The disappearance of O-H stretching frequency indicated that the -COOH groups from LA were converted into ester.…”

Section: Hydrogenation Of (La + Tmp and La + Pe) Estersmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mixed-Ligand Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(II) Complexes as Catalysts for Esterification of Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid with Polyol and in Situ Reduction via Hydrogenation with NaBH4

Lee

Hossain

2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Synthesizing polyol-based ester from biomass feedstocks for the preparation of biolubricant overcomes the dependence on petroleum oil usage. Albeit biomass-derived bio-oil is an alternative for the production of polyol ester, upgrading is essential prior to use as biolubricant. Levulinic acid (LA), obtained from bio-oil was applied for the catalytic esterification with two polyols, e.g., trimethylolpropane (TMP) and pentaerythritol (PE), in the presence of mixedligand Ni(II), Co(II), and Fe (II) complexes as catalyst. New mixed-ligand coordination complexes with empirical formula; [Ni(Phe)(Bpy)Cl].H2O, [Co(Phe)(Bpy)Cl].H2O, and [Fe(Phe)(Tyr)Cl].H2O were synthesized by the reaction of ligands [L-phenylalanine (Phe), 4,4'-bipyridine (Bpy), and L-tyrosine (Tyr)] with metal chloride salts and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, FTIR, TGA/DTA, powder-XRD, and SEM techniques.This study aims to investigate the catalytic activities of the complexes via esterification reaction of levulinic acid with trimethylolpropane and pentaerythritol. In addition, these catalysts were further employed for the in situ hydrogenation of levulinate esters via NaBH4 at room temperature upon refluxing. Indeed, the iron(II) complex was more potential, exhibiting its efficiency as a homogeneous catalyst for esterification-hydrogenation reaction for synthesizing ester-based oils.

show abstract

Section: Hydrogenation Of (La + Tmp and La + Pe) Estersmentioning

confidence: 94%

Mixed-Ligand Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(II) Complexes as Catalysts for Esterification of Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid with Polyol and in Situ Reduction via Hydrogenation with NaBH4

Lee

Hossain

2019

Journal of Renewable Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They are the product of the transesterification process (ester) between FAMEs from the vegetable oils with a polyol of trimethylolpropane (TMP) and better known as the TMP triester. After the transesterification process, the absence of hydrogen atom at carbon-β in the structure of the ester oil has enhanced the thermal and oxidative stability [42]. Both MJO and MRPO were mixed with two different types of additives; hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and phosphonium-based ionic liquid (PIL).…”

Section: Lubricant Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Interaction of Bio-Based Metalworking Fluids in Machining Process

Rahim¹,

Sani²,

Talib³

2018

Lubrication - Tribology, Lubricants and Additives

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Metalworking fluids were applied during the machining process to lubricate and cool the machine tool in order to reduce wear, friction, and heat generated. The increasing attention to the environment and health impacts leads to the formulation of eco-friendly metalworking fluids derived from vegetable oils (Jatropha and palm oils) to substitute the use of mineral-based oil. The present work focuses on the performance of refined biobased metalworking fluids during tapping torque and orthogonal cutting processes. Biobased metalworking fluids were formulated using 0.05 wt.% of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and 1 wt.% of phosphonium-based ionic liquid [P 66614 ][(i C 8) 2 PO 2 ] in a modified Jatropha and palm olein oils and were examined for their rheological properties in comparison with a commercially obtained synthetic ester (SE)-based cutting fluid. The tapping torque performance of the refined bio-based metalworking fluids was evaluated for their torque and efficiency. In addition, the performance of these bio-based metalworking fluids on orthogonal cutting parameters such as cutting force, cutting temperature, chip thickness, tool-chip contact length, and specific cutting energy was highlighted. The results obtained revealed that the rheological properties of the newly formulated biobased metalworking fluids were improved. From the tapping torque and orthogonal cutting performances, it was proven that the modified palm and Jatropha oils possess good anti-wear and anti-friction behavior compared to SE. In conclusion, the newly formulated bio-based metalworking fluids are suitable for the use as a new advanced renewable metalworking fluid for machining processes that correspond to the energy-saving benefits and environmental concerns.

show abstract

“…Currently, there are many proposed approaches for producing polyesters from fatty acids and polyols like TMP and TAG. For instance, enzyme catalysts, acid catalysts, and solid phase catalysts have all been used to produce TMP esters. However, TMP is much more expensive than fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), and these materials are often important components in determining the price and the quality of polymer products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane Esters by Base‐Catalyzed Transesterification

Nie

Shen

Shim

et al. 2020

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) esters are synthesized from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and TMP to produce a fluid with properties suitable for use as a lubricant base oil, exhibiting good stability, and low‐temperature performances. In this study, triacylglyceride (TAG) molecules are modified to produce FAME and then linked to TMP. Initially, vegetable oil is transesterified with excess methanol, and potassium hydroxide to produce crude FAME. The FAMEs are then refined and further transesterified with TMP and heating, under vacuum, using potassium carbonate catalyst. The conversion of TMP is successfully achieved by adding an excess of FAME to a reaction mixture of base and polyol in the second step. All reactions are monitored and confirmed using 1H‐NMR. The reactions proceed quickly as an efficient production of FAME and TMP to TMP triesters is successfully achieved by adding an excess of FAME slowly to a mixture of TMP and catalyst. Practical Applications: The major objective is to develop and optimize a reverse addition reaction method for TMP‐based biolubricant production. The highly enriched TMP biolubricant is prepared by reverse phase chromatography and these biolubricant products are characterized for oxidative stability index and low‐temperature performance. The optimum conditions are applied to different vegetable oils.

show abstract

The Effects of Various Acid Catalyst on the Esterification of Jatropha Curcas Oil based Trimethylolpropane Ester as Biolubricant Base Stock

Cited by 39 publications

References 9 publications

Mixed-Ligand Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(II) Complexes as Catalysts for Esterification of Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid with Polyol and in Situ Reduction via Hydrogenation with NaBH4

Mixed-Ligand Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(II) Complexes as Catalysts for Esterification of Biomass-Derived Levulinic Acid with Polyol and in Situ Reduction via Hydrogenation with NaBH4

Tribological Interaction of Bio-Based Metalworking Fluids in Machining Process

Synthesis of Trimethylolpropane Esters by Base‐Catalyzed Transesterification

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About